Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara)

=The Constitution of the Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) = Preamble We, the people of the  Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) , do hereby ordain and adopt this Constitution for the  Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) .

Article 1: The Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara)
(1) The  Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara)  is a Sovereign and Democratic Nation and the Sovereign Power belongs to the people of the  Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) . Sovereign Power shall be exercised in the manner provided for in this Constitution. (2a) The  Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara)  shall be structured as a parliamentary democracy with a unicameral legislature and an elected Head of State. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2b) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall be structured as a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch with a unicameral legislature. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) The National Flag and Motto shall be the flag and the motto adopted by two-thirds of the total number of members of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 3. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4) This Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land.

Article 2: The <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);">Council of Nobility
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) There shall be a legislature for the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, called the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, in which all legislative powers under this Constitution shall be vested. The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall have a maximum of  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">500 <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> members elected by each State in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 for a term of office of  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">72 <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> months. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall have the power to make laws, to pass bills and legislation, to ratify treaties and international agreements, to amend this Constitution in accordance with the provisions of Article 14, and to ratify Cabinet Proposals in accordance with the provisions of Article 7. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) Each member of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall be enlisted in a political party and shall be entitled to one seat only. Political parties shall represent their voters in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> and cast their votes on their behalves.

Article 3: Legislative Process
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) All political parties shall have the right to propose Bills. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) A Bill shall be passed by a simple majority of the members of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> present and voting, except in cases where the Constitution provides otherwise. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) A Bill shall lapse from voting should an election intervene, in which case it shall be returned to the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> for debate. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4) A Bill that has been passed by the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall enter into effect immediately upon its passage.

Article 4: The Executive
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1a) The executive power shall be vested in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">and the Cabinet. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1b) The executive power belongs to the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, but shall be exercised by the Cabinet. The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall not be subject to responsibility; the members of the Cabinet are responsible. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) Executive decisions shall be entrusted in these bodies subject to the approval of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">.

Article 5: The <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1a) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall be the Head of State of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. He shall represent the Nation, guarantee its independence and see to it that this Constitution is observed. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1b) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall be the Head of State of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. He shall be the symbol of the Nation and the guarantee of independence. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall be elected for a term of office of  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">72 <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> months in accordance with the procedure set out in this Article and subject to the provisions of the sections 1 and 3 of Article 13. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) The  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall be elected using a two round system. Each party shall have the right to <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">register one candidate for elections for the office of  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. A primary round of election <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">shall be held to select the two candidates for the second round. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4) The two candidates having the largest number of votes in the primary election shall participate in the second round, the candidate having the highest number of votes in the second round shall be declared the new  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2b) The monarchy of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> is hereditary through direct, natural and legitimate descent from the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, by order of primogeniture.

Article 6: The Cabinet
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1a) The Cabinet shall aid and advise the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">and conduct the policy of the Government. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1b) The Cabinet shall exercise the executive power and conduct the policy of the Government. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) The Cabinet shall consist of 10 members. Each member, aside from the Head of Government, shall direct an administrative department and is responsible for the tasks and functions entrusted to his or her department. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) The Head of Government shall represent the Cabinet and the Government both at home and abroad. He shall chair the Cabinet and shall be responsible for the conduct of public business and the general government policy.

Article 7: Formation of Cabinet
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) There shall be a Cabinet to assist the Head of State in the proper discharge of executive powers. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1b) There shall be a Cabinet to exercise the executive powers on behalf of the Head of State. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) Any cabinet must be ratified by the agreement of more than a half of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, according to Article 3 of the Constitution. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3a) It is the exclusive responsibility of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">to propose a list of Cabinet members to assist him. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3b) It is the exclusive responsibility of the political party holding the greatest number of seats in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> to propose a list of Cabinet ministers to assist the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, save that if more than one political party holds the greatest number of seats, that number being equal for all such parties, any or all of these may propose a list. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3c) The responsibility of proposing a list of Cabinet members falls to political parties, any or all of whom may propose lists to assist the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">in the running of the country. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4a) Until such a time as a cabinet is formed, the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">will hold executive power alone, subject to the agreement of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, according to article 3 of the Constitution. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4b) A cabinet will continue to assist the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">, even if a new  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Supreme Holy Emperor of the Saltanat of Badara  <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">is elected, until a different Cabinet is ratified. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(4c) The Cabinet shall remain in office until such a time as a new Cabinet is formed.

Article 8: The Judiciary
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">The judicial authority shall be vested in a system of courts, both lower and constitutional. These courts shall have absolute power to ensure enforcement of the laws and constitution of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">.

Article 9: Political Parties
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) Political parties shall ensure that the will of the people prevails and, for this purpose, shall <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">represent their voters in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) A political party shall be registered in accordance with the national laws may be dissolved in <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">cases of inactivity or for violations of national law. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) Representation in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall be determined through a general election in which all political parties may participate in accordance with the provisions of Article 13.

Article 10: Opposition Parties
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) The opposition parties shall play a constructive role to ensure that the government and the <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ruling parties function in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, provide good <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">governance and strive to promote national interest and fulfil the aspirations of the people. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Their aim must be to make the Government responsible, accountable and transparent. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) The opposition parties shall have the right to oppose the elected Government and to question the Government�s conduct of public business.

Article 11: The States
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">The territory of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> comprises the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Vassal States <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> of  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Al'Baharia, Al'Fostat, Al'Salmania, Al'Samarya and Marakesh <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">. The national territory and the international territorial boundary of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Saltanat al-Imarat al-Jawhariyah al-Muttahidah (Badara) <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> is inviolable.

Article 12: Local Governments
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Certain powers may be devolved to the Local Governments by the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> in accordance with the procedures set out in Article 3.

Article 13: Elections
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(1) Under this Constitution, the general will of the people shall be the basis of government and it shall be expressed through periodic elections in which all political parties shall have the <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">right to participate. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(2) The method used to determine the number of seats each State receives in the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall be laid down by law in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">(3) All political parties shall have the right to call for an early election at any time. A call for early elections shall require the vote of a majority of the total number of members of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> in order to pass. Elections shall be scheduled upon the passage of such call for early elections.

Article 14: Amendment
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Subject to the provisions of Article 3, the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> shall have the power to amend this Constitution. Amendments shall require a vote of two-thirds of the members of the  <span class="var" style="color:rgb(136,68,51);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">Council of Nobility <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:arial;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> in order to pass and may only apply to certain areas of this constitution.