History of Hulstria and Gao-Soto

This page currently relates to the modern era of History from the discovery of Dovani onwards. It is about the History of the Nation of Greater Hulstria starting at the discover of the Continent of Dovani.

Christopher Dove
In the year 1492, Luthori Explorer Christopher Dove set out from the Holy Luthori Empire in search on a continent rumored to exist at the end of the world. With the blessing of the Holy Luthori Emperor, Dove set out with an entire navy fleet to find this land and claim it in the name of the Emperor. Nearly 4 months after leaving port in the HLE, Dove's flagship spotted a strip of land on the horizon. They continued to sail toward it for 2 days before finally arriving on the coastline of eastern Donvani. This land was barren an dissapointing to Dove so he continue to sail south around the continent and then sailed North up the Western Coast until he found what appeared to be fertile land. On July 7th, 1493, nearly 12 months after seeing the last port of the old world, Christopher Dove stuck a Luthori Flag a beach of the continent that would later become known as Dovani, named for him, claiming it for the Holy Luthori Empire. He would return four times to Dovani, each time finding a faster route there. On his final voyage to the continent he was accompanied by a group of colonists from the Holy Luthori Empire. He was tasked by the Emperor with establishing the first Luthori settlement on the continent. The settlement was built near the spot where he first landed, and was named Ehrigia, it would become the capital of New Luthori. Dove would die 3 years after the colony's founding while serving as Governor-General of New Luthori. He was succeeded by a man named Auric Strauss, who's family would become intertwined with Hulstrian history. Dove's body was buried originally in a small cemetary in Ehrigia, however 10 years late it was moved to the Dove Vault, a massive tomb in the middle of Ehrigia that has since become a national monument.

Colonization
By the year, 1560, Luthori claims encompassed all of modern day Greater Hulstria. They claims were divided up into 10 colonies:

Hilgar
Hilgar was by far the largest of the Luthori colonies in the new world. Named for a mythical tree that was believed to grow in the colony, Hilgar became an important source of hard woods for Luthori. Of all the colonies it had by far the largest number of native Gishotoi living in it. This often lead to violence between the Gishotoi and Luthori colonists. The Colonist are said to have wiped out thousands of Gao Showa because of the Luthori use of gun power and the burning of any and all Gao Showa settlements. A Peace was finally established after nearly 150 years, ending the fighting in the year 1654. From there an uneasy peace was established, with the Gishotoihold up in the east, and the Luthori fortifying their position in the west. The Hulstrian fortress of Kaiserburg was built and expanded largely during this period. Kaiserburg would serve as the Hilgarian capital up into the present day.

Hulstria
Of all the colonies New Luthori and Marchau were the commercial and agricultural centres of the colonies, respectively. However a small city in the colony of Hulstria rapidly grew to prominence. The city of Kien had originally been founded by Lutherans fleeing the religious intolerance in The Holy Luthori Empire. In fact the vast majority of colonists who came to the Hulstrian Colonies were Lutherans fleeing Luthori. They brought with them their knowledge of everything from art to shipbuilding. Kien was constructed in a way very reminiscent of the old world capitals. Large Cathedrals, Towering Castles, a Grand Palace, and a massive wall known as the Fake Ridge, as it streches on from several kilometers. A prominent Luthori family, the Labsburgs, who had immigrated to Kien from Liore, were able to come to such a position of power in Hulstria that the Governer-Generalship of Hulstria passed down hereditarily through their family. It was under the Labsburgs, that Hulstria, and specifically Kien, gained a good deal of influence in colonial affairs, eventually absorbing part of the neighboring colony of New Yodukan.

Mitrania
The region east of the Schnee-Berge Mountains was first visited by Luthori colonists towards the close of the 15th century. At that time it was somewhat thinly peopled. The majority of the inhabitants appear to have been unskilled farmers of the Gishotoi, barely resembling their sophisticated forefathers. Modern scholars believe that the strain of the wars with the Luthori Empire had drained the resources of the Gishotoi in the region. Once the territories were conquered by the Luthori, colonists poured into the rich farmlands of Mitrania. The colonists built the city of Graaffsberg as the administrative centre of the new colony.

In 1578 farmers of Duntrekker, Luthori Catholic, and Episcopalian Kalistani descent seeking pasture for their flocks settled in the country. They were followed in 1593 by the first settlers of the Southern Expansion. These emigrants left Hultria, New Liore, New Luthori, and the other northern and coastal colonies for various reason, but were primarily animated by the desire to escape from Luthori sovereignty. The leader of the first large party of emigrants was Pieter Heerden, who concluded an agreement with Takehiko, the chief noble of the local Gishotoi, ceding to the farmers the country between the Schnee-Berge Mountains and the Grote Blauwe Rivier. The region continued to prosper, at the expense of the native Gishotoi. By the 1620's it is estimated that only 1/3 of the original number of Gishotoi remained in Mitrania.

Vorm
For the Dorvish classical composer, see Vorm

The Rise of Hulstria
1560 - 1635

The Great Rebellion (1635 - 1650)
Over a period of years, the colonies of the Holy Luthori Empire on Dovani grew increasingly discontented with the government of the home country. The Dovani colonies deeply resented the gradual movement of power from their own assemblies and governments to the centralized location Liore, nearly five thousand miles away in Luthori. These actions greatly limited the effectiveness of colonial administration and weakened colonial representation in the workings of the Holy Luthori Empire's government. In 1639, the Luthori colonies of Dovani, with Hulstria as their leader, revolted against Luthori colonial control before formally declaring independence later in the year. The first five years of the Revolt came to be known as the "Bloodless Period" as there was no major response from the Holy Luthori Emperor, his military nor the Luthori parliament. The dissent of the colonies had been both privately and publically dismissed by high ranking Luthori officials as merely a phase or, as the Luthori parliament's own Imperial Seal-Bearer Right Honorable George Stafford described as "mere growing pains of a child yet to reach maturity". It was conceived that, given some time, the power structures of the colonial governments would wrest power back from the rebels and reestablish colonial governance. However, this was to proved to be an increasingly difficult and unrealistic approach to the problem. Given the Luthori government's inaction, the rebels received time to further plot their revolution free of any sort of Luthori intereference. The first Hulstrian Diet met, establishing precedents for rule and appointed Franz von Rothingren, a colonel of the Hulstrian Colonial Legion and Diet assemblyman, as Hulstria's delegate to the Unabhängigkeitkongress (Independence Congress), composing of representatives from across the rebellious colonies. The Independence Congress eventually met in Kien, the capital of colonial Hulstria, where the official document declaring independence from the Holy Luthori Empire, the Erklärung der Souveränität (Declaration of Sovereignty) was drafted. For nearly seven months the document was negotiated throughout the colonial governments before being accepted by all. Following the signing of the Declaration, Franz von Rothingren was appointed as Aide-de-Camp to Field Marshal Heindrich von Marchau, Commander-in-Chief of the nrewly established Hulstrian Army. Marchau glorified his new position, focusing on establishing social and political connections and thereby ignoring his duty to the army. In 1644, shortly before fighting broke out, he was relieved of command of the army. Brigadier General Franz von Rothingren shortly replaced Marchau, jumping to the rank of Field Marshal. Learning of the Declaration of Sovereignty and the Independence Congress, the Luthori government realized that their governments in Dovani would be unable to quash the now-five year old rebellion. Late in 1644, the Luthori Imperial Diet ordered the launching of a massive, surprise military attack to supress the revolt. Imperial Luthori troops landed on Hulstrian soil and rapidly overan most of the coastal regions, including present-day Kuratha and Budenlar. The Battle of Volkermarkt was the first major battle between Hulstrian and Luthori armies in the Great Rebellion. Both sides suffered high casualties, however, the Luthori forces effectively held the field by using several flank tactics, effectively winning the battle. This defeat crippled the morale of the Hulstrians. However, the demoralized Hulstrian forces recovered after a series of small victories shortly after Volkermarkt. The Hulstrian army quickly learned from their mistakes and several weeks later at the Battle of Konstanz they tasted victory as the Luthori army was forced to surrender its newly won territory.

The remaining years of the war became a back and forth struggle with neither side able to dealt the necessary blow to tipp the balance in their favor. Field Marshal Franz von Rothingren played to the strength of his army and undertook a prolonged series of "hit and run" campaigns on Luthori strongpoints and supply lines, limiting the Holy Imperial Army capability to properly fight on Hulstrian ground. In a bold effort to quell the rebellion once and for all, reinforcements were sent to Hulstria with the objective of taking over Kien, the main operation command of the rebellion force in Hulstria, in hopes to deal a fatal blow to Rothingren and Hulstria; the Holy Imperial Army, to carry out this plan, forged through modern Budenlar and western Hulstria to the outskirts of Kien. The two forces met on the cold morning of 13 December 1646 in what is considered by many historians the largest and longest battle of the Great Rebellion. The Battle of the Kiennese Pass took place just outside of the Hulstrian capital city with Luthori at first outnumbering the Hulstrians; it was only on a ratio of 3 to 2. For nearly two weeks the defensive structures outside the capital, most notably Fortress Kien, battled through constant attacks from Luthori forces. However, the Imperial Army did was not able to muster enough strength to breakthrough the Hulstrian defenses. The Imperial Army commander, General John Codrington, decided to wait for reinforcements and prepared to siege the city. He ordered the massing of all the army's artillery around Fortress Kein and proceeded to carry out a two day long bombardment of the Fortress. Cordington's complacency and overreliance on artillery allowed von Rothingren to prepare his own surprise attack.

During the night of 22 December Field Marshall Franz von Rothingren moved his small force of cavalry over the mountain peaks to the seemingly inpenetrable forest beyond the city. In the predawn mist of 23 December, he ordered a diversionary attack of infantry on the Imperial army's frontlines. As the attack was underway and all attention was focused on the front, von Rothingren rallied his calvary units, numbering only around 500 Luthori Riding School graduates, and attacked the exposed flanks of the Imperial Army in what forever will be known as the "Charge of the Hulstrian Lancers". This surprise attack routed the Imperial Army and the small cavalry force was recorded to have accounted for nearly 3,000 of the Luthori dead, roughly one-tenth of the entire Luthori force present at the battle.

Following this decisive victory at the Kiennese Pass, von Rothingren began pushing the Luthori Imperial Army out of colonial Hulstria and in the process land that had been taken over by the invading forces. In 1649, the Holy Luthori Emperor began to worry that a drawn out war might cause other Luthori colonies, such as Kazulia to the north, to revolt and therefore wished to end the Great Rebellion as soon as possible. Later in that year, Luthori delegates met with their Hulstrian counterparts and formally granted and recognized Hulstrian independence. By the end of that year, all Luthori forces were removed from Hulstria and the country began the process of forming its own governmental institutions. Despite the large war between Hulstria and Luthori, the two modern countries acknowledge one another as being very close allies. The two country's monarchies are even ruled by the same royal dynasty; the Rothingren-Traugotts.

Beginnings
Following the The Great Rebellion, Hulstria came under the rule of Franz VI (r.1650-1676), who was given the Crown after the establishment of the Hulstrian Monarchy by the Imperial Diet in 1650; his coronation also made the Lutheran House of Rothingren the ruling imperial dynasty and Hulstria would be ruled by the Rothingrens for the next 106 years until their unification with the House of Traugott in 1735. In the 1650s and the 1660s, the Rothingrens began to accumulate other provinces and territory in the vicinity of Hulstria, more notably in eastern Dovani. These territories, together, became known as the Eastern Territories overtime, although they were sometimes all together simply reffered to as "the colonies". Kaiser Franz I lead the foundation of this colonial empire of Hulstria, starting new campaigns to capture new lands; Franz I was successful in receiving a portion of land west of the Sea of Corina and land south of Hilgar, including some territory in the south-west of Corina. Following these latest acquisitions, new trade routes for Hulstrian merchants were mapped and additional markets were formed, providing a wave of economic prosperity for many within the country. Franz I himself advocated new economic initiatives to the Imperial Diet and encouraged the growth of the Hulstrian shipping industry; the Kaiser furthermore made attempts to construct new trade relations with Luthori, then under Charles I (r.1659-1683), in hopes of easing leftover tensions from the rebellion. Such efforts were meet kindly by Charles and the two nations engaged in regular trading activity. Franz did face some criticism from the Imperial Diet and others who were involved in the rebellion but later was praised for his ability to lend his hand of friendship to a former foe.

The Rothingrens pushed through the groundwork of Hulstrian architecture quickly following the birth of Hulstria; several historically important buildings such as the Fliederbrunn Palace, the Hulstrian National Cathedral, and the Korlburg Palace were constructed under Franz's reign. The Baroque styles of the pieces of infrastructure marked Hulstrian power and unity; Sigismund von Vorm, the architect behind Fliederbrunn, even had a city named after him in Kuratha. Not only were construction projects made for the royals, new structures were put into place for the citizenry. Franz personally commissioned the assembly a vast system of libraries in Kien and around Hulstria. The first years of the new Hulstrian Monarchy were that of skepticism, great curiosity, and new heights; Hulstria did eventually emerge as the new power within the Dovani region and Franz I's leadership granted legitimacy to the Monarch, leaving his successors with plenty of affluence to command the country. On November 2nd, 1676, Franz I died at the age of 76 from natural causes; Franz's son, Crown Prince Rudolph, assumed the throne as Rudolph I.

Rudolph I & Maximilian I
Rudolph I (r.1676-1681) was the first Emperor of Hulstria to go through the process of succession and his coronation was considered grand for his day; while his coronation may have been large and spectacle, Rudolph was actually not an energetic person and lead a very conventional lifestyle. Rudolph was still a well-loved Emperor and this fact at times made him puzzled due to his ordinary personality. Rudolph did provide leadership in continuing many of his father's initiatives and focused his efforts on creating a strong Hulstrian navy, commissioning decorated naval soldiers at leadership positions and working with the Imperial Diet on funding for new ship creations. Rudolph I encouraged skill artisans in all fields however in Hulstria and had the Rothingrens become patronages of educational institutions, including the first higher educational schools in Hulstria. Rudolph was very concerned about education and throughout his reign promoted intelligent thought among society; people close to Rudolph were noted to have said about the Emperor that he was interested in building an educated population that would pass down traits and traditions to future generations.

The Emperor also pushed through measures to increase the flexibility of the military in the Hulstrian Empire by reorganizing them in a more effective chain of command and allowed territories to form their own representative councils to deal with local issues, however such governing were still supervised by the Imperial Diet and the Monarch. Rudolph I on top of this pushed for greater centralization in the governemnt and was able to accomplish this goal. The Empire of Hulstria though under Rudolph did not expand and by 1680 remained where it was at after death of Franz. After six years of at the throne as the Emperor of Hulstria, Rudolph died in 1681 Kien; his son Maxmilian, who was more eccentric and lively, inherited the throne as Maximilian I.

Maximilian I (r.1681-1732) when he was Crown Prince had attended prestigious schooling and was brought it fairly in the private eye; this fact however did not affect his personality, which people during the day who knew him thought he was "full of life" and adventruous. These traits, most likely gained from his mother, were transported to how he ruled the Hulstrian Monarch and Empire. In private conversations and discovered notes and writings of Maximilian I told that he had great visions for the future and expansion of the Rothingrens and the Empire. One of his many visions was to create a vast infrastructure system within Hulstria that he hoped "would be the envy of the continent"; in 1682 Maximilian I commissioned and was able to order new revitalizations of roads within the country with unanimous approval of the Imperial Diet. The regions of Budenlar, Hulstria, and Mitrania were the first areas to be given improved roads; large cities given the most improvement but Maxilimian also made sure efficient roads were avaliable to everyone. Construction and the connection of roads to urban cities to the farming communities in Mitrania increased trade and easy access to goods, mountain valleys and communities were positively received by these new routes in specifically the areas in or around the Barrier Ranges. Hilgar and Kuratha in the course of time also acquired these benefits. Documents and other writings show the architects of these new roads employed ideas from the Selucia Imperium, Luthori, and from their own original concepts to construct the old transportation system of Hulstria. In 1683 Maximilian embarked on new patronages to support and enhance the shipping industry of Hulstria, which when at the time he assumed the throne, were performing at moderate levels however the Emperor was not exactly one who tolerated these moderate levels and envisioned a larger skilled artisan trade in shipping, believed that if the Rothingrens and Hulstria as a whole would become the dominant military and economic power on the continent, a strong navy was needed to fulfill these goals. Despite his father's appointment of decorated soldiers to leadership positions in the navy, this did not automatically increase the fleet numbers of Hulstria. Maximilian as he did with infrastructure became a patron of several ship building organizations and got the legislature to pass shipping-friendly legislation; the Emperor also commissioned the coastal towns of Luthorische Bai and New Liore to become the two primary locations for Hulstrian ship construction and maintenance. Within a decade, thanks to these patronages and encouragement of skilled labor within shipping, the Navy of Hulstria became the dominant force in both Dovani and Terra which the country encompassing a wide range of unique vessels; The new fleet assisted the growth of international trade to Hulstria and exerted sea power along Hulstria's coastline. This vast expansion furthermore created new wealth for those coastal towns and paved the way for new settlements along the coast of Budenlar and Kuratha in the 1690s. This was seen as a major accomplishment in Maximilian's reign and became an extraordinarily loved Monarch following this success.

Maximilian did not stop at expanding the power of the Rothingrens and Hulstria and in 1696 created a new military campaign to seek to acquire new lands beyond the existing colonies farther east in the Dovani plains and around the Sea of Corina. Maximilian did not stop at expanding the power of the Rothingrens and Hulstria and in 1696 created a new military campaign to seek to acquire new lands beyond the existing colonies farther east in the Dovani plains and around the Sea of Corina. Maximilian was noted to have been fond of military strategy and tactics and was involved regularly in the planning of the battle plans for the new acquirements; the Emperor’s insight however did not prevent the coming events to face the Hulstra army. In July 1697, Hulstran army soldiers took a small piece of land just off the edge of the north-eastern Corina coastline and claimed it for the Emperor, however though they were ambushed by local barbarians and aggressive nomad hordes that were already known to cause terror within the region; the army was at first taken aback, being subject to moderate casualty though were successfully able to defend themselves and their new claims. After hearing the news, Maximilian decided not to expand further into the territories for the time being and focused his efforts on suppressing the hordes in the area. In the "War of the Plains", ordered by the Emperor and declared by the legislature was a short conflict between Hulstrian forces and the barbarians hordes in the eastern Dovani plains in response to the attacks on the Corina territory; while the conflict only lasted for a few weeks and it has been noted as being a relatively small conflict, it did result in the elimination of the final remnants of such "horde" groups on the continent in the eastern plains and they were drove out to the Rift Mountains and southern Dovani. The conflict also opened new trade routes and new migration into the colonies due to the new safe envirnment. The victory resulted in a massive surge of popularity and the new found respect lasted with him until the last years of his reign.

Henrietta & the War of Hulstrian Succession
Maximilian I on his efforts to expand the Hulstrian empire and naval power, did not focus his time creating much of an imperial family and a male heir to the Hulstrian throne; Maximilian was able to only have one child, a daughter named Heinretta, with his wife. The couple had one son however but he died during a miscarriage, thus cementing Heinretta's claim to the throne. The latter however was challenged by other royal families; by the end of Maximilian's tenure, various royal Houses grew uncomfortable with the fact that Henrietta would after Maximilian's death become the new Monarch, believing that only males should be able to assume the throne (though this was eventually found out be a convenient excuse put forward to in reality bash the Rothingrens and Heinretta) and as such started to propose their own members as candidates to take Maximilian's (and subsequently the Rothingrens place) position of power; these opponents also proclaimed that Heinretta was inexperienced and would not properly run the business of the Monarch. Henrietta dismissed these challenges and comments from other families, citing the actual Hulstrian Writ of Succession drafted by her great-grandfather, Franz I, that allowed women to become the Head of State to cash off oppositional claims and also cited the direct bloodline she had with the Emperor, being closet to him, making her the legitimate heir; the Emperor's daughter also had the backing of major Hulstrian Military generals and used that influence to take the throne without further opposition for the time being. When Maximilian I died in 1732, the Crown Princess was coronated in Kien and became Henrietta I of Hulstria (r.1732-1756); the coronation sparked off a conflict between the Rothingrens and the disputing royal families in the "War of Hulstrian Succession" that began 1733.

Despite the fact that Henrietta's father, Maximilian I, made efforts to befriend other noble families in Hulstria, such loyalities that existed from these Houses were quickly buried as some began to talk of "bringing up arms" in dethroning Henrietta I and installing a new Monarch to take her place. The Houses of Brandelfurg, Traugott, Moravia, and Oscania positioned themselves in opposition to Henrietta I; however with concerns to the Traugotts, while they were opposed to Henrietta I assuming the throne, they were not as violent or belligerent as their supposed allies yet were one of the leading voices against Henrietta's claim to the throne. The Brandelfurgs, Moravias and the Oscania families on the other hand were simply against the Rothingrens and whatever they did and took advantage of this obstruction by inciting conflict. In the mean time while Henrietta's enemies were gathering, she herself had her own allies; the Strauss, Labsburg, and the Flieders were united in standing with the Rothingrens and believed Henrietta had every right to inheriet the Hulstrian throne, being the closest living person to the former Emperor, Maximilian. Henrietta additionally had support of major Hulstrian generals and used this fact to her advantage later in the war. Modern historians believe that Duke Charles, the Head of the House of Brandelfurg, fired the "first shot" in the War of Hulstrian Succession by leading a small army into northern Mitrania and capturing the north-west corner of the region in the name of the Brandelfurgs and more obviously as a sign of rebellion against Henrietta, now actually putting rhetoric about conflict into reality. While Henrietta and the Hulstrian Imperial Army were suspect of a possible military move by one of the opposition, the soldiers placed in the area could do nothing more than a few garrison and fell back to eastern Budenlar. The Rothingrens, rightfully furious, sprang into action; Henrietta I ordered Hulstrian troops to take back the territory and if found, to execute Duke Charles of Brandelfurg on the basis of treason. A field army under the command of Goerge von Kutowsky was quickly formed and made preparations to re-conquer the Brandelfurg controlled land. In the Battle of River Pass, Kutowsky easily defeated the Brandelfurg encampment, using the terrian, which included a strategic river stream, to attack the opposition. Kutowsky also led a much bigger army and had better equipment, being supplied by the top imperial brass in Kien. Charles however was nowhere to be found in that area and was suspected of leaving the area before the attack; if this was because of early intelligence or pure luck, it is unknown. Henrietta, thinking the unruly opposition was put to an in, declared victory; this was premature. Two weeks following the Kutowsky counter-attack, the Duke of Brandelfurg, led an attack on Rothingren military camps south of the Region of Hulstria with not only his own troops but others from Oscania and Moravia families who also voiced their adverse against Henrietta. This army also attacked two other camps in the area and captured a small town in the process; this surprise campaign, known as the "Neisse Campaign", named after Armin Neisse, a former General in the Imperial Army that quit to join the opposition, rejuvenated the War of Hulstrian Succession, and triggered the Hulstrian Monarchy to once again defend herself. Goerge von Kutowsky, due to his success before in defeating the Brandelfurgs, was again given commanding powers over the Imperial Army. He quickly organized three groups to take back the occupied territory and finally ride out the Brandelfurg. In one group, led by General Anders Wenham, in an attempt to take back a largly fortified camp where slaughtered, dealing a powerful blow to the Monarchy. However, in a group led by Marcel von Raimund, they were successfully able to recapture a small portion of territory from Charles. The Brandelfurgs, looking to retain their territory and to further pursue their quest to overthrow Henrietta I, turned the tide in the succession war in the winter of 1733. It was announced that winter that the Brandelfurgs successfully secured an alliance with the House of Borbone, a powerful noble family from Lourenne who had connections to the military in that nation; in this agreement, the Borbones would supply the Brandelfurgs with military equipment, including soldiers, in return for a piece of any captured land followng the end of the war. Henrietta quickly responded in setting up a defense pact with the Holy Luthori Empire, then under Maximilian II (r.1739-1769); this pact with Luthori would help balance out the rest of the war since now both sides had an ally in the conflict. Following the establishment of these alliances, the War of Hulstrian Succession would not re-ignite into conflict until the spring of 1734 when the Borbones and the Brandelfurg launched a major offensive to conquer the capital of Kien, home to the Hulstrian Monarchy, in the hopes of finally crushing Henrietta I.

In what has been called the "Barrier Range Offensive", the Borbone and Brandelfurg might combined with each other to launch a daring invasion of the Region of Hulstria and eventually Kien. The offensive was launched in the spring of 1734, led by the infamous Armin Neisse, who led the "Neisse Campaign" that captured the southern half of the Crownland, and René Étienne, of the Brandelfurg and Borbone family respectively. Suspecting that they would try to take Kien, Henrietta set up defensive camps along the Barrier Mountains and around both major cities and small towns that she thought the opposition would try to take for their own advantage. This defense set up by Henrietta I, including the help from Luthori, helped slow down the Barrier Range Offensive yet did not stop it entirely. Both sides would exchange victories and defeats fpr the remainder of the year until the Battle of Phonix which drastically changed the course of the war. Up until late 1734, Neisse and Étienne were gaining victory in small areas just enough to led their charge towards Kien. Due to defensive positions set up by the Empress early on, the Borbone-Brandelfurg army had to take unique routes which left them in unimportant strategic areas regulary. Up until late 1734 as well, the main objective of the Barrier Range Offensive was to capture Kien, and subsequently taking over the entire nation in one giant sweep; René Étienne realized such a goal was unrealistic and convinced Neisse, who wanted to go straight to Kien, to instead attack cities surrounding Kien in an effort to suffocate the Monarchy into having to retreat. The city of Phonix was chosen as the first target of this new campaign due to it's close location to the capital and easy trade routes which could be used by the opposition military forces; the city also had a small military encampment, leaving it open to an attack. It was not known to the opposition army that Henrietta I had actually placed skilled Imperial Marine regiments within the cities, not just regular foot soldiers. When Neisse and Étienne attacked, they were caught by surprise, thinking they would easily overrun it. On December 19th, 1743, Armin Neisse launched the invasion of Phonix with own his regiment, flanking it from the East while René Étienne led his own regiment of troops from the south of the city. Étienne used artillery and seige weaponry on the defensive positions around the city and to knock down fortified postions while Neisse used his ground army to penetrate other walls and to provide assistance to Étienne. The Imperial Marines stationed at Phonix went into immediate defensive positions and drove back some Neisse's ground forces; to retaliate towards Étienne's artillery, the Imperial Marines fired cannons at their position from Bastions and Embrasures. The fighting went well into the night; eyewitness reports and historical documents say that the sky in Phonix was "strikingly red" and yellow, resembling some colors that of the firebird, the Phoenix. In the early morning hours of December 19th, 1743, Neisse was finally able to gain access inside the city following an intense firefight with a squad of Imperial Marines at the north-east section of Phonix. The victory here allowed Neisse to effectively gain access inside the city and to flank the Imperial Marines stationed in front of the city attacking Étienne's artillery. Marine reinforcements, who had not made it earlier to save the exisiting sqaud during the fight, arrived just as Neisses troops entered and engaged in close-quarter combat, an unusal military tactic during used during that time. Hand-to-hand conflict also ensued between the Imperial Marines and the Neisse army. Meanwhile, inner Phonix was plunged continually by enemy artiellery, leaving many citizens to leave the city; Colonel Bernard Matthias of Hulstria, in charge of the IM regiment south of the city, knew that the city would fall if the enemy artillery was not effectively destroyed, Phonix would likely be lost. Matthias quickly organized calvary unit and led the daring charge to the nearest artillery unit in the hopes of driving back the rest of the seige back to get out of range of the city. Reminiscent of the "Charge of the Hulstrian Lancers" in the Hulstrian Rebellion, Matthias layed his own seige upon Étienne, though not without a price as Colonel Bernard Matthias was killed by an enemy riflemen during the offensive. The calvary would succeed in destroying their designated artilley but were pushed back the city, opposite of their intended plans, as troops from the Moravia family entered the battle. In the north-east section of the city, Neisse was however pushed back himself out of the city. The Imperial Marines now were pinned down in Phonix against the Borbones, the Brandelfurgs, and now the Moravias. When news reached to Henrietta I about this situation, she called upon several major Generals to lead a counter-attack to push back opposition forces; Field Marshall Goerge von Kutowsky was given the task to oversee the counter-attack. Some Generals under the command of Kutoswky, like Volkmar von Strauss, a member of the House of Strauss, Philip Hanspeter, and Henrik Lothar, all had previous affliation with Henretta's father, Maxilimilian I, and were trusted associates of the House of Rothingren. The counter-attack force departed Kien for Phonix on Christmas eve, 1743. On Christmas day, a massive snow storm fell upon the entire country, including Phonix. The Neisse force, now to the north, was unable to advance any further into the city. Neisse's troops, who were mostly from the Borbones, were not experienced in winter warfare, and thus could not fight efficiently. The cold temperatures also affected Étienne's artiellry, which told by some documents actually froze. The Imperial Marines, we who almost on the brink of defeat and losing the city, on the other hand were trained in wintery conditions, giving them the edge over the enemy. The winter's stalling of the Borbone-Brandelfurg-Moravia bought the Marines valueable time as a result. Ferdinand von Lehwaldt, the acting Colonel following the death of Matthias, saw this as an opportunity to attack the enemy in their state of vulnerability, and had Imperial Marines attack small encampments of the Borbone-Brandelfurg-Moravia which proved to be successful. Taking into account the weather, the Imperial Marine's new offensive, and suspecting large reinforcements from the Rothingrens Étienne retreated from the Battle of Phonix though did not inform Neisse nor commanders from the Moravias about his depature, leaving them to their fate with Kutowsky. The counter-attack force eventually arrived at Phonix, after the snow storm settled, engaging with Armin Neisse and Ludwig Jan-Lukas of the Moravias, with Kutowsky and Strauss taking them on respectively. A large battle ensued between the two forces and many deaths were given on both sides. Armin Neisse, during his battle with Goerge von Kutowsky was killed by an artillery shot when he was on his horse, violently throwing him off his horse and threw into a batch of stones; Neisse soon died from internal injuries and severe interal bleeding as a result. The large death toll from Neisse's side and his death resulted in his force to surrender to the Hulstrians; Ludwig Jan-Lukas also surrendered during his battle with Volkmar von Strauss soon after, ending the Battle of Phonix with a large victory for the Rothingrens. Phonix was badly damaged during the seige yet it did not fall to the opposition, saving Kien.

Conclusion & the Peace of Flieder
News spread throughout Hulstria like wildfire about the victory at Phonix by the Rothingrens and the defeat of the enemy Brandelfrugs and Borbones, ending their Barrier Range Offensive and pushing them back deep into Mitrania. Charles, the Duke of Brandelfrug, attempted to escape Hulstria but was caught by Luthori navymen who were stationed off the coast of Kuratha, aiding in supply efforts to the Rothingrens as a result of their defense pact signed a year prior. The Rothingrens a month after the Battle of Phonix regained the taken land captured by Neisse in southern Hulstria, ending Brandelfurg occupation of that area. René Étienne took refuge in southern Mitrana where he and his army fortified themselves on the border between Hulstria and the Eastern Territories. With the opposition of the Emporess gone, one would assume in respect the war would be over. This thinking was incorrect. There were still other families strongly opposed to Henrietta I sitting on the Hulstrian throne that did not take part in the violent conflict created by the House of Brandelfrug. The House of Traugott and it's head, Balthazar, the Duke of Traugott, was one of these strong voices. To aviod further conflict, the Rothingrens proposed that Balthazar marry Henrietta I and combine the House of Rothingren and the House of Traugott under the condition that the House of Traugott be absorbed into the Rothingren side, thus allowing the Rothingrens to obtain the titles possesed by the Traugotts. Balthazar agreed to these provisions only if he would be able to dualy reign alongside Henrietta; the House of Rothingren agreed. At the time the Rothingrens were discussing peace at home, they were also discussing peace with the Borbones of Lourenne. The Borbones, afraid Henrietta I would declare war on them, and invade, proposed peace with the Rothingrens, ending the hostility between the two Houses and would relinquish their claims to any land originally agreed to with the Duke of Brandelfrug. The Borbones also revealed the exact location of René Étienne as a token of their faith of turning their back to fighting with the Hulstrian Monarchy. A Hulstrian battalion attacked Étienne's encampment and easily defeated them; René Étienne, refusing to be captured, shot himself in his tent.

In the spring of 1735, the "Peace of Flieder" was signed between Henrietta I, Balthazar, and the House of Borbone. The Peace of Flieder established the marriage between Henrietta and Balthazar, creating the "House of Rothingren-Traugott" and ended the hostility with the House of Borbone, along with several other families in Hulstria. The next year Henrietta and Balthazar gave birth to their first child, Rainer, the Crown Prince of Hulstria. The War of Hulstria Succession solidified Henrietta I as the Monarch and ended any opposing claims to the throne, especially after the Peace of Flieder; the succession war also secured Hulstrian power within the region. With the fact that the Monarchy successfully was able to main their territory and defeat an hostile army on their own land, Hulstria and the House of Rothingren proved their resiliency and ablity to maintain their Empire. Several towns and cities were badly damaged but through extensive economic reforms that were put into place following the war and during the Dual Monarchy helped revive war-torn areas. The War of Hulstrian Succession was also the founding stone for the House of Rothingren-Traugott who in later centuries would become arguably the most powerful royal House on the globe, encompassing several thrones. The War additionally put into place the system of a "Dual Monarchy", a form of government that would later be used in 25th century Hulstria.

Dual Monarchy of Henrietta & Balthazar
Following the Peace of Flieder the Duke of Traugott was coronated as the Emperor of Hulstria, taking the regnal name of Balthazar I of Hulstria. Shortly after this, Henrietta and Balthazar gave birth to their first son, Rainer, the first Crown Prince of Hulstria as a Rothingren-Traugott. During the first year of the Dual Monarchy, the Empress and Emperor exercised their own and equal powers; the two mainly worked together in the business of the Monarchy as well. The two were fairly conservative in manners of the State though Henrietta and Balthazar did implement vast reforms to strengthen the might of Hulstrian army and the economy. With the army Henrietta pushed for, and eventually got, the Imperial Forces to become more centralized; responsibility was still given to the Imperial Diet and the Defense Minister though the Monarch gained considerable powers over military decision making with her reforms. Other initiatives including growing the economy where the Dual Monarchy focused on balancing the Imperial budget and a mix of tax cuts and raises.

The economic reforms created by the Dual Monarchy helped double the state revenue and gave room for the parliament and the Monarch to inact more initatives like improving roads, creating new trade routes, and constructing both civilian and military infrastructure; these reforms would help bring Hulstria out of the economic downturn created by the succession war. Henrietta was noted to as well created new reforms within the government; Henrietta, who was not an autocrat who acted alone in her dealings, was successful in turning the position of the Head of Government closer to the Monarchy while still keeping the position close to the parliament itself; the connection was meant to create an easier line of communication between the monarch and Her Majesty’s Imperial Government, a line that still exists today between the two positions. Balthazar was relucant to support this idea as he thought republicanists would try to gain the position in attempts to bash the sovereign since it became a larger position that is was before; Balthazar eventually however accepted the idea. Other advances in education and medicine, such as the construction of Kien General Hospital, one of the largest hospitals in the world, marked other reforms in the era of this Dual Monarchy.

The Dual Monarchy would come to an erupt end after Balthazar I suddenly died in 1750; Henrietta was completely devastated, causing her to remain out of the public life for the remainder of her reign. She limited her duties to very formal events where sometimes she did not even attend those. Her son, Rainer, the Crown Prince, had to take up the responsibilities left behind by his mother, becoming a sort of co-regent without actually being one. In 1756 Henrietta I of Hulstria died after a bought with a fatal chill with her children at her beside at Fliederbrunn; her death ended the House of Rothingren and brought in it's successor house, the House of Rothingren-Traugott, to Hulstria. Her son, who already was performing a majority of her duties, became the new Emperor in the winter of 1756 at the very young age of 21.

Reign of Rainer I
Crown Prince Rainer was coronated as the first Rothingren-Traugott Emperor in the winter of 1756 shortly following the death of his mother, Henrietta I of Hulstria, and took up the regnal name Rainer I of Hulstria (r.1756-1777); the new Emperor was very, very young at the time of his coronation, standing at only 21 years of age. While Rainer was certainly brought up as the heir to the throne and as such was preped for one to take this position, some monarchists in the country were afraid of another succession war, thinking opponents would see the Emperor's young age and try to take advantage of the young Monarch. Rainer I of course labeled these claims as "foolish" and did not put too much stock into them, nor did many supporters of the new Imperial Court. Nonetheless, Rainer I was concerned about some of the dissent and the public image it was giving the Empire. The Emperor decided to address a session of the Imperial Diet in 1757 in what has been called as the "Diet Rundown"; witnesses and historical documents say that the young Emperor called out dissenters and anyone who had an issue with his age; the Emperor called out specific members though did not do much more than that, opting instead to call for unity within the Imperial Court, saying it was needed more than ever following the bloody succession war. His oratory skills, which would be passed on among the Rothingren-Traugott Monarchs for generations to follow, proved to be in his favor as comments about his age and the questioning of his rule due to the former soon ended after the "Diet Rundown". Monarchists following this address as well became more unitary and worked together more as a result despite often times some of these parties representing different noble families. When Rainer I settled this matter, he then focused on the issues that mattered to the State; the Emperor's leadership has been called by historians as "benevolent and paternal", ruling with the intention of strengthening Hulstrian society and Empire by vast reforms though expected the laws put into place be strictly in accordance with his own criteria. Rainer I was noted to have a dedicated spirit of service to the Empire and expected his Court to express the same spirit, leaving some to label him as a perfectionist though many viewed him as just having very high-expectations for the Hulstrian Empire. The Emperor was also considered austere and not very keen on humor, opting to work rather than to fool around. Despite this, as noted, Rainer had a dedicated spirt to service, and sincerely wished to improve the lives of his subjects.

Rainer I of Hulstria was a stern advocate of universal education; in 1759 the Emperor successfully was able to establish a new law requiring compulsory education for both boys and girls. Of course overtime the Imperial Diet went back and forth with this law, establishing and de-establishing compulsory education though during and after Rainer’s tenure, this was seen as a major step to improve education within the Empire. The Imperial Court also issued scholarships to talented students and awarded prizes for competitions, the first nation to do so on the Dovani continent; at first, the Court and the central government in Kien took on these duties though overtime the task of giving out these prizes were devolved to the Crownlands. Education was always a primary cause for the House of Rothingren, before they combined with the House of Traugott, forming the subsequent successor house; back to the times of Rudolph I, he emphasized the benefits of a literate society, thus pursueing initatives in the medical field, among many other areas. The Rothingren Emperors realized that if Hulstria, still fairly young from their independence from Luthori in 1650, were to succeed as both a nation and an Empire, they would need to invest heavily in culture and knowledge. Overtime the Empire would eventually meet the goal of becoming a universally educated country though not without effort and time; even in modern Hulstria, education is widely stressed as beneficiary, with the Imperial Crownlands encompassing over 500 billion crowns in its Ministry of Education & Culture, one of the largest budgets for that Ministry in the world. Many historians believe that Rainer's push for compulsory education and other educational reforms paved the way for Hulstria to become the main educational centers on Dovani, then and now in modern times.

With concerns to marriage, Rainer I wasted no time in finding in a consort but in a way intentionally “wasted time” by pursuing his often consuming initiatives within the Hulstrian Empire. However in 1760 Rainer I married Louisa of Kuastalla, the daughter of Harald, Duke of Kuastalla, whom of which was a supporter of the Rothingren side in the succession war; the couple however did not have any children, to much of Rainer's displeasure. In letters to his close adviser, Willem von Doortburn, the Emperor revealed his disgruntlement over his childless family though felt that "the Empire must come first", furthering the perception that Rainer I was very much engaged in the workings of the Imperial Court. As a result of not producing a heir, when Rainer I died suddenly of serious bought of pleurisy, he had no issue, and as such, Rainer’s brother, Karl, succeeded him.

Era of Glory
After the death of Sebastian I, his son, Archduke Klaus Gustav, Crown Prince of Hulstria, was coronated as the Emperor of Hulstria in Kien; the reign of Klaus Gustav I is considered to be a major turning point for the Hulstrian Empire and the Rothingren-Traugotts, economically, culturally, and politically. In what has been called the "Era of Glory" was a period of massive cultural, political, royalist, and colonial growth in Hulstria; advancements in the arts, the evolution of political parties, new imperial nationalism, and the rise of infrastructure marked the successes of Emperor Klaus Gustav I's illustrious tenure. During the 19th century, the Hulstrian Empire became a cradle of scientific thought that produced in turn numerous scientists who would gain international reputation; Hulstrian scientists during this time were credited to the creation of the atomic theory, the study of shock waves, and much more discoveries. Kaiser Klaus Gustav was known to be a large patron of several scientific organizations during this time and encouraged science throughout his reign, something at the time many Catholic monarchies around Terra were not doing; not only was science increasing in promience in Hulstria, so was the study of medicine. The renowned "Kien School of Medicine", which still operates today, was created and construction in the mid 1800s; contributions to the discovery of the "Asperger syndrome", the studies of bacteriology and immunology, and abdominal surgery are all credited to Hulstrian scientists and physicians.

The Era of Glory was also a time of stanch royalist activity and nationalism; the Monarch under Klaus Gustav I was strong and such a status was mirrored with the citizenry. The nationalism provided a new gateway to economic prosperity within Hulstria and the expansion of the colonial empire; new territory surrounding the Sea of Corina were put under Hulstrian rule and the Hulstrian Empire took their first colonial steps into the northern Caltropic Highlands on Dovani. Klaus Gustav I as well took the first steps in creating a functioning colonial government in the "Eastern Territories", a term first used in the late 1860s that still exists today, by establishing a "Colonial Secretary" to supervise and govern the territories on behalf of the Monarchy; the Colonial Secretaries were ususally a trusted associate of the Sovereign or a noble and were only appointed by the Monarch. Hulstria politically was as noted very royalist during this time but there was not an absence of republican activity; the rise of communist theory in the early 1850s attributed to the changes in political beliefs, especially among the minority Gao-Showa population immigrating from Sekowo, within Hilgar. Tory parties within the Diet in Hulstria were able to supress these sympathies however and were successful in keeping the legislature royalist; the communists were also rejected by the vast majority of Hulstrians and were kept out of the mainstream for some time.

Advancements in the Arts
Following the attempted assassination of Klaus Gustav I, which failed terribly, not only did more people unite around the Monarch but condemned the republicans and communists, leading to their political outcast status. The increasing interest of music also marked the Era of Glory; Hulstrian citizens, in particular in Kien, to a vast kindle to musical art. Thanks to the status of Hulstria as a colonial power and cultural environment provided an advancement various forms of art, most notably in this instance music; composers were also drawn to Hulstria due to the patronage of the Rothingren-Traugotts. Kien was one of the first cities to embrace music and was the birthplace of many famous composers; Josef Mozart was one of these famous composers and is considered the founder of Hulstrian classical music. His vast influence on composers in later generations has made his scores standard part of the training of classical musicians around the world. Klaus Gustav I even invited Josef Mozart to perform "Symphony 40", one of his most renowned works, at the Fliederbrunn Palace. Peter Schubert, Edward Strauss, and Arnold Weburn are also noted as being the finest composers of their day; waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other forms of dance were widely popular in Hulstrian society during the late 19th century. Today, Kien is regarded as being one of the leading cities and the Dovani capital of classical music.

Klaus Gustavs I's reign (68 years) was one of the longest tenures any Emperor has had; Klaus Gustav's time was marked by great advances in science, art, music, and Hulstrian power. Many historians believe, disregarding the failed assassination attempt and the birth of communism, that this period of Hulstrian history to be one of the most peaceful and prosperous. In 1916 Klaus Gustav died at Fliederbrunn and his son, Crown Prince Klemens, was soon coronated as the new Emperor of Hulstria as Klemens I. Klaus Gustav's son was well into his early 70s and was already expected to have a short reign; despite his age and a possibility of a short rule, Klemens did not abdicate to his son, Crown Prince Rainer. Klemens I did however give many royal duties to Rainer and did increase the amount of patronages by the House of Rothingren-Traugott. While Klemen's rule was very short, the Era of Glory continued on, mainly in the form of advances in the military field. After the mass production and invention of the tank by Luthori in 1918, Hulstria was at first slow at constructing these new military weapons, however Hulstria introduced and championed the military strategy of the "blitzkrieg", a tactic of using a mass concentration of tanks supported by other military means such as artillery and air power to break through enemy defenses. In 1920 Klemens I died, only serving for four years in one of the shortest reigns of Hulstrian history; his son, Rainer, took on the name of "Rainer II" after Rainer I, the first Rothingren-Traugott Emperor.

=The Great Dark Period (2117-2193)=

Following the assassination of Emperor Maximilian V by Gao-Showan extremists, Hulstria fell into anarchy. Historical documents and eyewitness accounts told that the regions of Budenlar and Hulstria were one of the first areas to face the onslaught of social breakdown and disorder; armed fighting among royalists and republicans were especially evident in major cities and urban environments. Tensions also existed between the Hulstrians and the Gao-Showans, whose tensions were already high before the assassination; fighting amongst these two cultures were aditionally evident and this fact contributed to the main reason of the collapse of order within the country. Rioting in the cities of Vielchen and Anderinch started to begin after a week of the assassination; in particular the "Veilchen Riot" was one of the bloodiest riots during the Great Dark Period and 1/4th of the city was burnt to the ground as a result. Sparks of armed conflict were apparent during the first months of the collapse of government though ceased after a year going into the Great Dark Period.

The first years of the Great Dark Period was dramatic. The central government, weakened by the violence, was incapable of supporting the depth of civic infrastructure required to maintain libraries, public services and major educational institutions. Cities and merchants lost the economic benefits of safe conditions for trade and manufacture, and intellectual development suffered from the loss of a unified cultural and educational country. As it became unsafe to travel or carry goods over any distance, there was a collapse in trade and manufacture for export. The major industries that depended on long-distance trade vanished almost overnight in places like Kuratha.

=Hulstrian Reclamation= In 2193 began serious talk about uniting the country that had fallen to anarchy 76 years prior; people were starting to get and wanted to get back to normalcy. The country still faced a large hurdle; Hulstria was still though broken into two main sects, the Hulstrians and the Gao-Showa. The Hulstrians still had suspicions and dislike of the Gao-Showa, blaming them for the assassination of Maximilian V, and the implosion of Hulstria. The Gao-Showa on the other hand, like the Hulstrians, held their own suspicions of the other group, claiming that if the Hulstrian Monarchy would come back to power, the new ruler would use his new role to punish the Gao-Showa for previous transgressions. They did however realize that the fighting had to end at somepoint and life could not continue if the nation remained under the cloud of darkness. The people, especially the newer generation wanted to live under a united country with an economy, and most importanly culture. Many people rallied behind the idea of returning the Emperor since Hulstria was stable and economically viable when it was under a constitutional monarchy. Others supported creating a Republic, gaining inspiration from the "Luthori Commonwealth" period from 2035 to 2085, which had Luthori under a form of republic. Monarchists fired back saying the Commonwealth was a failure and shortlived since Luthori eventually went back to the form of Monarchy under Harold VI (r.2085-2128). The republicans and monarchists finally agreed to meet in Kien to formally debate the creation of a united country. In 2195 for the first time since 2117, a special session of parliament convened with several new political parties attending. Here at this conference, dubbed the "Unification Congress", the parties that respectively represented monarchists, republicans, socialists, and independents, hammered out the details of the new formation of a united Hulstria. The Kaiserliche Hulsterreichische Partei, whose membership was made up mostly of members of the House of Strauss and other noble families, actively pushed for the restoration of the Rothingren-Traugott Monarchy; their ally, the Lutheran Nationalist Party, overly supported this as well. Socialist and Gao-Showa parties resented having a Hulstrian monarch or a re-united country with Hulstrians as the ruling class. The Monarchists opposed a re-united country with Gao-Showa as the ruling class since they were a minority.

This roadblock in staled discussions for the next following year until a compromise was reached; the Monarchists accepted a new, hybrid culture called "Gishoti", a culture that would combine traditions from Hulstrian and Gao-Showa cultures that would be the national culture in the formation of a united nation, called Gishoto, that would be under a form of constitutional monarchy under Klaus Gustav, a descendant of Maximilian V of Hulstria, as the Holy Gishoto Emperor. The compromise was seen as a victory for both sides in a way since it resolved the conflict; Hulstrians accepted the deal since it restored the Lutheran Monarchy and Gao-Showans accepted the deal because it didn't have one class dominate the nation. However there was still dissent, especially among some far-left Gao-Showa who saw the restoration of the Rothingren-Traugotts as a spit in the face to the revolutionaries that killed Maximilian V and to communist ideals they held dear. These dissenters would head to the underground of the political specturm of Gishoto and would not rise again until the mid 2200s.

Formation of Gishoto Empire & Klaus Gustav III
The compromise made at the Unification Congress set into stone the restoration of the House of Rothingren-Traugott that was thrown out of power due to the Great Dark Period; Klaus Gustav was not however able to recieve the traditional title of the Emperor of Hulstria, instead he was given the title of the "Holy Gishoto Emperor" due to the compromise reached at the Unification Congress. The delegates at the Congress realized that it would take at least a year for this new constitutional government to be formed considering the lack of a government the country has faced in the past 80 years; the Monarchists proposed Laura Burgess of the Lutheran Nationalist Party head the interim government as President while the Holy Gishoto Empire was being put into play in March of 2197. In January 2198 Burgess resigned and Klaus Gustav was coronated as the Holy Gishoto Emperor at the Hulstrian National Cathedral as Klaus Gustav III, restoring the Rothingren-Traugotts to the throne though this time over Imperial Gishoto.

The monarchist dominated Imperial Diet following the coronation of Klaus Gustav III to the throne immediately pushed through new reforms and initiatives to rejuvenate the economic and social landscape over Imperial Gishoto. The damage done by the Great Dark Period needed large projects and collective effort to restore the glory the country had before Maximilian V's assassination. Both Hulstrians and Gao-Showas worked together in making the Diet initiatives a reality; places like Veilchen, a city that was damaged due to the anarchtistic nature of the Great Dark Period, was quickly rebuilt, and now today is considered one of the top finacial centres in Greater Hulstria. The influence of Kien that was undermined in the Dark Period soon restored itself and regained it's title of being the center of political activity of Imperial Gishoto. Klaus Gustav III, though under a constitutional monarchy, contributed to the reforms and the projects by giving Rothingren-Traugott patronage. The Imperial Hulstrian Party, the party responsible for leading the push to restore the monarchy, were responsible for many of the reforms that took place. Under the leadership of Maximilian, the Duke of Strauss, and Rudolph Labsburg, the Imperial Hulstrian Party, along with their legislative ally, the Lutheran Nationalist Party, dominated the political landscape of Imperial Gishoto. This fact, tagged with their values of capitalism and aristocracy, ushered in what has been known as the "Era of the Royalists".

Era of the Royalists
The "Era of the Royalists" is the name for the period that came after the accession of Klaus Gustav III to the Imperial Gishoto throne in 2198 until entrance of radicalist and anti-monarchist organizations in the mid 2200s. The Era of the Royalists was marked by an increase of royalist parties in the Imperial Diet and domination of the monarchists in policy-making. There was some other political parties as well that while who were not defined as "royalist" per se, supported and allied with the other royalist parties nonetheless. The promotion of free-market principles and conservative social values marked the legislative side of the Era of the Royalists; parties like the Imperial Hulstrians were considered to be the central voice for the free-market and often advocated for such policies. While they did support some regulation, free-enterprise empowerment made up most of their economic policy. The Era of the Royalists saw the stabilization of the once anarchy ravaged country and the rebirth of Hulstrian power on the Dovani continent; sharp increases in birth and immigration were also aspects of the Era of the Royalists.

The free-market empowerment during this time has often been credited to helping the Imperial Gishoto economy prosper and rebuild; new businesses entering the country and massive new infrastructure projects contributed to the rebirth of the economy. The royalists in the Imperial Diet especially focused on restarting the shipping industry, an industry that before the Great Dark Period was the "iron backbone" of the Hulstrian economy; tax credits and cuts were given to the shipping industry and slowly but surely the famous seaports at places like Luthorische Bai returned to their former glory. Unlike the Great Dark Period, the country was united in a national government, and that as well helped tremendously in the success of many of these initiatives. Maximilian, Duke of Strauss, who had a hand in not only creating the Imperial Hulstrian Party but helped significantly in the Rothingren-Traugott restoration, was responsible for creating many of these proposals, and successfully got them passed in the Imperial Diet; Maximilian's family, the House of Strauss, also had historical roots to the House of Rothingren-Traugott. In the War of the Hulstrian Succession, the House of Strauss were one of the many houses on the side of Henrietta I of Hulstria, and helped towards the victory of the Rothingrens over the Brandelfurgs. This fact, along with the IHP's stern support of the Monarchy and their aristocratic roots, made them the central voice of Monarchy in the Imperial Diet, Klaus Gustav III onward.

While there was a sense of success and prosperity, some within Imperial Gishoto did not, as many others, embraced the new conservative reforms by the royalists, and new government that took fold after the Unification Congress. Gao-Showan revolutionaries, who had prior to even the Unification Congress and the Great Dark Period, held radical and often violent views towards the "establishment" ie the Hulstrian class and the concept of a constitutional form of monarchy. These people were not included in the discussions in the Unification Congress due to exactly their violent tendencies; more sensible Gao-Showa parties and people, who had legitimate concerns and proposals, were on the other hand included. Due to the rejection of their radical views, these far-left organizations were basically outcasted from political society. However, thanks to the rise of immigration in Imperial Gishoto and the increase of population subsequently paved a road for theories such as communism and socialism to take root within the nation. The royalists understood that if the violent tendencies of communism would take root in Hulstria, all the successes they achieved would be overturned. This fact remained with the people and despite the growing cause for communism, the population still put their vote behind the monarchist political parties, limiting the voice of the radicals in the Imperial Diet. The Duke of Strauss himself was stern anti-communist and was responsible for many of the efforts tackling the far-left.

Not only did monarchists oppose the violent ways of the new communist movement, other Gao-Showa and centrist parties opposed it as well. These parties believed that returning to violence and rapid partisanship just after the unification of the country would be a horrible and catastrophic; Gishoto was stable under a constitutional monarchy and many just wanted to remain stable thus keeping with the current state of things. The radicals did not see it this way, obviously, and used near brainwash like tactics in Crownlands in Hilgar to attract supporters; other parties publically diapproved of these underhanded tactics though this did not put a dent into the Communist Party of Gishoto's operations. The Duke of Strauss successfuly was able to unite the monarchists against the radicalists and perserve the foundations created by the Unification Congress; this proved as a success as the monarchists and other supporters of the Gishoto constitutional monarchy pushed back the radicalists in terms of elections, with much success. One major factor in the success of the anti-communists were that they were united and as a result proved to be effective in their maneuvering; with this strong grip of influence in the Imperial Diet, the royalists were able to also maintain stability in the country which so many people had come to enjoy following the Great Dark Period. The royalists additionally had a stronger leader, the Duke of Strauss, which led them to many victories.

This situtation remained for many years. Since the royalists easily outnumbered the opposition, the Communist Party of Gishoto was limited in their options to advocate radical change in terms of the Imperial Diet. Realizing that they would not possibly win on the legislative front, the leadership of the CPG decided to drop their efforts in the Diet, and turned their full attention to gaining support from "true revolutionary ideals". This included, as noted, borderline brainwashing of various citizens, and using their often idealistic rhetoric to gain support from mostly other far-leftists who had not yet joined the CPG. Slowly but surely the CPG started to win some seats in the Imperial Diet, thanks to both their efforts and from low-turn out rates. What also helped the CPG and their cronies was the death of Maximilian, Duke of Strauss, the chairman of the Imperial Hulstrian Party, in 2240, the leader of the "Era of the Royalists", and head the monarchist bloc in Imperial Gishoto. The death struck the royalists hard as they saw Maximilian one of the true representatives of the constitutional monarchy and Klaus Gustav III; with one of their top, if not the top, voice in the Imperial Diet, the Communist Party of Gishoto took advantage of this. A few years after the death of Maximilian, several monarchist parties disbanded, leaving very few voices in the legislature to push back against the militant and violent opposition. In response to all this, various factions of the Communist Party of Gishoto, who were very violent in their message, began to start to attack to the Imperial Gishoto government. At first these militant factions of the CPG just targeted regular government buildings like police departments and Crownland legislatures; these were certainly not looked over and dismissed by the Monarchy but it was nothing compared of what they did to what they would do in the future. Klaus Gustav III repeatedly called for an end for what the Holy Gishoto Emperor described as "unnecessary violence and actions"; the CGP in turn repeatedly ignored the Holy Gishoto Emperor. The violence eventually brough disorder to various parts of the nation and undermined the central government in Kien, now mostly controlled by the communists since they had received seats because of mass vacancies. This frenzy eventually culminated a revolution led by the Communist Party of Gishoto in the later decade of 2240.

the "Glorius Revolution"
In response the growing violence instigated by the Communist Party of Gishoto, many police departments stepped up security in their respective towns and cities, increasing the level of officers patrolling the streets. The central government in Kien in tune helped provide funds to both Crownland and local police agencies through the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Special military units were also deployed to high-valued government buildings and other important areas intended to protect against any more attacks from the communist militants. Increased security was also placed on Klaus Gustav III, Holy Gishoto Emperor, to prevent an attempt on his life despite the Communist Party of Gishoto seemingly not conducting any real moves against the Monarchy. The central government also stepped up efforts to arrest and raid known safehouses of militants belonging to the Communist Party of Gishoto and other organizations in sympathy with the CPG. While the CPG and their cronies had a good portion of the legislature to themselves, the monarchist faction of the Diet and parties like the Imperial Hulstrians held them back just enough to institute such measures identified. Realizing that now the central government was cracking down on their operations, the leadership of the Communist Party of Gishoto knew that they had to do something drastic to really deal a blow to the Monarchy and the "capitalist system" before they were completely snuffed out. In late November of 2245 a group of heavily armed militants stormed the Rankweil International Airport and an office building belonging to the National Imperial Bank, both in Budenlar, seizing it while in the process killing security personnel and even innocent civilians. These group of militants demanded the destruction of the Gishoto Monarchy, the execution of anti-communists, the abolishment of religion, and the creation of a new "classless society" in the Gishoto lands. The other communist factions in Imperial Gishoto vehemently defended and supported the takeover, seemingly oblivious to the violence that transpired during that takeover, while the monarchists and a large amount of citizens not particularly connected to the royals, were very much against it. Many monarchist parties harshly condemned these actions, which they called "acts of terrorism", and called for immediate against then. The Imperial Marines were then called in to supress the situtation at hand and to free any hostages held by the group that took over those structures. In the early hours of December 1st, 2245, the Imperial Marines stormed the Rankweil International Airport and eliminated out the revolutionaries; the next day, the other squad of Imperial Marines stormed and retook the National Imperial Bank office building. In response by the actions of the military sympathizers of the killed communist revolutionaries called the actions by the Ministry of Defense as a sign of aggression; the Communist Party of Gishoto, looking to take advantage of the new opposition to the government to gain more power, quickly threw their support beind an efort to overtrow Imperial Gishoto the week following the sieges. Many consider the seige of the Rankweil Airport, the offices of a Imperial Bank branch, and the response following those incidents as the formal start of the "Glorius Revolution", a major political movement that would soon seize the power of the entire nation by the end of the decade. The Monarchy remained intact during the majority of the upheaval and many times called for an end to violence. Such calls were ignored by the communists. Also since many of the royalist parties were inactive, the Communist Party of Gishoto took advantage of this, as well as low voter turn out rates, to gain new legislative power in Gishoto. Through 2246, the Communist Party of Gishoto, as noted, took advantage of the absence of monarchist parties in Imperial Gishoto. A few months after the Rankweil and National Imperial Bank incidents, slowly the royalist elements of the nation started to crumble; due to inactivity, many royalist parties simply died out in interest to the population, and lost seats; some who had seats decided to leave government anyhow. The royalists did not have a leader like the Duke of Strauss either and without a strong voice, a trait clearly demonstrated by Maximilian, they could not be as united as they once were after the Unification Congress. They were strong enough to use their pulls in the Defense and Internal Affairs Ministry to supress the communists in Budenlar in December of 2245 but could not sustain nor prevent what the future actions of the Communist Party of Gishoto. The absence of the royalists also put into the danger the Monarchy and Klaus Gustav III; with no representatives, parties such as the CPG could easily abolish, as well as other institutions, such as the Lutheran Church and other religious sects. Only the likes of the Imperial Hulstrian Party and the Lutheran Nationalist Party, the two original members of the Era of the Royalists, remained in government but were severly limited in their efforts against the communists. This fact allowed the Communist Party to launch their revolution without much opposition, at least in the halls of government. There were still many cities in Imperial Gishoto that supported the Monarchy and remained hotbeds for the monarchist bloc; many of these cities were prominently Hulstrian. On the Communist Party side, many of the cities and organizations that supported the CPG were prominently Gao-Showa, reinforcing the political divide that had plagued both ethnic groups. These Gao-Showans however were also more radical than their average citzen whom of which wished to remain with the principles passed on by the Unification Congress. In the spring of 2246, the Communist Party of Gishoto launched an ambitious attack upon more government institutions around the country, and used various terrorist acts to bring fear about the nation. Local monarchist politicans were assassinated by car bombs and government buildings were targeted by surprise ground attacks. The Communist Party also staged large protests and "worker's rallies" calling for "all power to the Communist Party". The monarchists in response tried to counter the rebellion by staging their own rallies and beefing up defenses in their own cities which were considered royalist strongholds; the capital of Kien was one of these strongholds as it was home to the Monarchy. While a civil war didn't necessarily break out like what happened during the "Great Dark Period", the monarchists and the communists did have various skrimages. The Holy Gishoto Emperor in all this repeatedly called for an end to violence but the Communist Party of Gishoto, in all their revolutionary rhetoric, did not listen, and went on with their leftist plans to completely take over the nation. Despite the violence, the election of 2246 proved to be shocking at best. The monarchists hoped the election would turn in their favor thus ending the communist power streak and hopefully the violence perpetrated by them; it was also one of the final chances the monarchists had in saving the Monarchy from a motion from the CPG to abolish it. It did not go their way.

The 2246 general election, held fall in that year, went to the Communist Party of Gishoto who won slightly below 2/3rds of the legislature; the low voter turnout, which was recorded then to be about 35%, proved to be their winning ticket. In shock, the Imperial Hulstrian Party, the last remaining monarchist party, disbanded leaving the Diet entirely to the Communist Party of Gishoto. The CPG was finally in complete control of the legislature and could pass any bills they wanted. One of their first motions in fact was to call another special election in an effort to just get the remaining seats left over by the IHP; following that special election, the CPG had over 98% of control over parliament of Imperial Gishoto. While the monarchist bloc was facing hardships, the Glorious Revolution was in full force now with the legislature, the central government, in their hands. The only thing left in their sight was Klaus Gustav III, Holy Gishoto Emperor.

Assassination of Klaus Gustav III
During the majority of events in the "Glorius Revolution", the Monarchy and Klaus Gustav III were protected by the royalist bloc led by the Imperial Hulstrians, and were also protected from the high pro-monarchist atmosphere in Kien, the nation's capital. The Holy Gishoto Emperor, seeing that Kien was a safe haven for him, did not decide to leave the country, going against the suggestions of close advisers to him. As such, Klaus Gustav III regularly travled around the capital and attended several ceremonies and other events but under great security nonetheless. As the Revolution grew larger and the monarchist bloc started to crumble, those voices in favor of the Emperor leaving grew larger as well but Klaus Gustav III wished to remain at Fliederbrunn Palace, defiant against the radicals. He regularly called for an end to violence but obviously such calls were ignored. Following the death of Maximilian, Duke of Strauss, and the subsequent fall of the royalist bloc headed by the Imperial Hulstrians years later, the walls it seemed around the Holy Gishoto Emperor began to get much smaller and smaller at each victory by the Communist Party of Gishoto; however, a large portion of the population still supported the constitutional monarchy, and Klaus Gustav III, and this fact, despite again the communist's other victories, created a large roadblock for the Communist Party's plans to take over Imperial Gishoto. They needed Klaus Gustav III and the rest of the House of Rothingren-Traugott out of the picture. With this now known and accepted within the ranks of the Communist Party, plans to assassinate Klaus Gustav III began to formulate by the end of the Glorius Revolution in 2449. Due to the influence of communists in the government, the CPG were able to successfully manipulate the systems of defense around Klaus Gustav III, and obtained the loyalities of several military officiers, who later became part of the new People's Socialist Republic. Through this new contacts, the Communist Party of Gishoto obtained intelligence and enough firepower to topple Klaus Gustav, leaving Kien to their taking. The Communist Party of Gishoto in late July obtained information about an up-coming parade to be attended by the Holy Gishoto Emperor and monarchist supporters to be taken place on August 9th, 2249, through their manipulative ways. To prepare, the CPG used their new weapons, and military equipment to topple the capital to put an end to the Glorius Revolution, and begin the new socialist republic. The plan, according to documents obtained later by historations, was to assassinate the Holy Gishoto Emperor and his family to end the Rothingren-Traugott line in Imperial Gishoto, and storm the capital, forcing the remaining loyalist elements to give up whatever control they had over the nation. On August 9th, communist agents took refuge atop of a large office building equipped with RPGs and other weapons; like clockwork, the parade came through the same block the office building was located, and the motorcade containing the Holy Gishoto Emperor and his wife, Empress Dana, including their children. The communist agent fired upon the motorcade and according to eye-witnesses, the motocade became engulfed in a large cloud of fire, killing the Emperor and his family instantly. Several Imperial Guards and bystanders were also killed by the blast. However, not every member of the imperial family was in that motorcade; the Crown Prince was not in the same motorcade as his father and was spared death, thus enabling the survival of the Rothigren line and legacy. Again according to eye-witnesses, the streets of Kien became flooded with citizens and armed guards attempted to restore order though with little success. The Imperial Guards were successful however in killing the militant communists responsible for the assassination; within minutes, Imperial Guards stormed the office building, and soon as the militants were about to escape, they were fired upon by the Imperial Guards. Within an hour of the assassination, members of the militant wing of the Communist Party of Gishoto stormed the capital, and seized parliament, forcing the loyalists to finally step down after intense fighting. The People's Socialist Republic was then born out of the siege and the monarchy was abolished, including the lutheran church, and almost all industry was nationalized.

International Response
The monarchist community on Terra was shocked and angered over the assassination of Klaus Gustav III; the International Monarchist League quickly condemned the assassination and refused to recognize the new socialist republic. However, naturally, communist parties and organizatin across Terra in contrary supported the socialist republic. Klaus Gustav's son, Crown Prince Percival, gained assylum in Rildanor; he is not listed as a Hulstrian monarchy, since he technically abdicated his claim once he went to Rildanor though nonetheless there continued the Rothingren line.

Formation of the People's Socialist Republic
Following the siege, the Communist Party of Gishoto established a new government, as noted called the "People's Socialist Republic", and pushed through immediately sweeping government reform. Other than abolishing the monarchy, religion, the State Church of Lutheranism, and moving to exile the Rothingren-Traugotts, they sought to expand the power of workers unions and workers councils to expand their communist cause; however these workers councils and unions were simply made up of members of the CPG elite disguised as working class citizens. The position of "Comrade Premier" was also established, which replaced the office of Holy Gishoto Emperor, and Comrade Premier was crafted so the office would act as both the Head of State and Head of Government in the new socialist republic. Grigor Stoyanvich, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Gishoto, a main engineer behind the "Glorius Revolution", was soon elected to become the 1st Comrade Premier of the People's Socialist Republic of Gishoto shortly after Klaus Gustav's assassination and CPG takeover; Stoyanvich is noted to have instituted hardline communist reform, and enacted several pieces of legislation which litterally destroyed the face of the Hulstrian free market overnight with his radical nationalization economic measures. Stoyanvich also put into place restrictions on the freedom of the press, which was was seen a natural right by monarchists in the previous government, to prevent opposition from defacing his administration, and to prevent a possible royalist uprising against the new government. During his reforms, several new political parties were formed out of the Glorius Revolution, many of them socialist and republican, meaning the status quo of the People's Socialist Republic for the time was strongly defended. These new parties created alliances and coalition governments to keep their stranglehold on government. Historians point out that thanks to the absence of the royalists, the communist and republican parties easily were able to keep power; with clear majorities, they did whatever they pleased basically. However, these historians also note that while Grigor Stoyanvich and the CPG were successful in establishing a communist government and forming alliances with republicans, these parties were not successful in always keeping the population in unison and in support of their policies. Their nationalization laws cut deep into the profits of both small and big businesses who enjoyed the friendly market policies passed by Maximilian, Duke of Strauss, and his monarchist bloc in the Era of the Royalists. This dissent in the early years of the republic eventually lead to the revival of the Kasierliche Hulsterreichische Partei, now led by Philip Strauss, grandson of Maximilian, Duke of Strauss Strauss; the KHP, which disbanded after the death of Maximilian, returned to the political scene of communist Gishoto with an entirely new attitude and agenda layed down by Philip Strauss, who had an ambitious plan to break the hold of the communist government.

Rise of Philip Strauss
The Duke of Strauss was born August 3rd, 2201 to Leopold and Teresa Strauss, Duke and Duchess of Straussia. He was born near the capital of Kien at the Palace at Crux, and as noted, was the first cousin of the Klaus Gustav III, Holy Gishoton Emperor, who recently was assassinated. Philip was mainly educated aboard in other monarchist nations such as Malivia and Kanjor but returned to attend the Kiennese Imperial College and graduated with a degree in Business. Philip Strauss was a very well known Hulstrian businessman and served as the Chief Executive Officer of the "Hulstrian Shipping International", the Strauss family's main company. Strauss, like Maximilian, was a close friend to Klaus Gustav III was not in a political sense, as in Philip Strauss didn't serve in parliament like his grandfather but would rise nonetheless to the top of the ranks of the political arena and of the leadership of the KHP. Philip Strauss, like cousin Klaus Gustav III, remained in Imperial Gishoto during the events of the Glorious Revolution, maintaining his company's operations within the nation. However due to the results of the CPG-led August Coup d'etat and the assassination of the Holy Gishoto Emperor and his family, other than the Crown Prince, Philip Strauss left Greater Hulstria, fearing anti-Royalist reprisals and terror by the Communists; he was right. When Grigor Stoyanvich took power, the monarchy was abolished, freedom of press curbed, and industry nationalized. Strauss left Imperial Gishoto, now the People's Socialist Republic, along with his corporate headquarters of HSI, to Imperial Kanjor, then under the reign of Edmund I (r.2236-2267) of the House of Nareath who accepted; Kanjor themselves later on in the century would experience their own communist revolution.