Supreme Court of Selucia

The Supreme Court of Selucia (in Selucian: Supremum Iudicatorium) is the highest federal court of Selucia. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all regional courts and over state court cases involving issues of federal law, plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of Selucia, the Supreme Court is the final interpreter of federal constitutional law, although it may only act within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction.

The Court consists of the Magni Iudex (Supreme Judge) of Selucia and six Superior Iudicum (Superior Judges) who are nominated by the Caesar Senatus and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they resign, retire, or are removed after impeachment (though no justice has ever been removed). In modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. Each justice has one vote, and while many cases are decided unanimously, the highest profile cases often expose ideological beliefs that track with those philosophical or political categories. The Iudicatorium meets in the Selucia Supreme Court Building in Victoria, Uleroth.

History
The Supreme Court was created in 4100 by Ethan Megalos and Kyrian Aetius Flavius, soon after their party In Marea Possumus Facere came to power after defeating Factio Conservativa in the 4100 elections, as part of their electoral program in order to separate the judicial and executive powers in Selucia.

In 4219, Anquiro Sorianus was the first Iudex from the Supreme Court suspended, after being accused of corruption.

Size
At first the bill did not specified the number of justices. However, Athena Scudo in 4116 decided to limit the number to six and the Magni Iudex, in order to keep it regulated.

Appointment and confirmation
The Caesar Senatus shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Judges of the 'Supremum Iudicatorium." Most Caesares nominate candidates who broadly share their ideological views, although a justice's decisions may end up being contrary to a president's expectations. Because the Constitution sets no qualifications for service as a justice, a president may nominate anyone to serve, subject to Senate confirmation.

In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from the press and advocacy groups, which lobby senators to confirm or to reject a nominee depending on whether their track record aligns with the group's views. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts hearings and votes on whether the nomination should go to the full Senate with a positive, negative or neutral report. The committee's practice of personally interviewing nominees is relatively recent. Once the committee reports out the nomination, the full Senate considers it. Rejections are relatively uncommon;

Nevertheless, not every nominee has received a floor vote in the Senate. Although Senate rules do not necessarily allow a negative vote in committee to block a nomination, a nominee may be filibustered once debate has begun in the full Senate. A president may also withdraw a nomination before the actual confirmation vote occurs, typically because it is clear that the Senate will reject the nominee.

Once the Senate confirms a nomination, the president must prepare and sign a commission, to which the Seal of the Department of Justice must be affixed, before the new justice can take office. The seniority of an associate justice is based on the commissioning date, not the confirmation or swearing-in date.

Current Justices
Names in cursive correspond to Ministers of Justice, if the Head of Government did not appointed any.

Retired Justices
They may be designated for temporary assignments to sit on lower regional courts. Such assignments are formally made by the Magni Iudex, on request of the Iudex of the lower court and with the consent of the retired Justice.

At the moment there is one alive retired justice, after the suspension for corruption of Anquiro Sorianus in 4219

Justices sometimes strategically plan their decisions to leave the bench, with personal, institutional, and partisan factors playing a role. The fear of mental decline and death often motivates justices to step down. The desire to maximize the Court's strength and legitimacy through one retirement at a time, when the Court is in recess, and during non-presidential election years suggests a concern for institutional health. Finally, especially in recent decades, many justices have timed their departure to coincide with a philosophically compatible president holding office, to ensure that a like-minded successor would be appointed.

Iudicum Conditores
The Iudicum Conditores (founder judges), were as follows:

Historical resolutions
September 4160

[http://forum.particracy.net/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=1585&start=410#p110951 Resolution about the request of revision or withdrawal of the Istalian-Selucian Treaty of Cooperation. Result: 6-1 against.]

"After the petition 2002/19 received by this judicial body, in relation with the events involving the nations of Repubblica Istaliana and Republiek van Seridjan, this body announces than: ''-Taking into account the kidnapping and retention of 410 Istalian citizens by the Saridanese Government. -Observing the scalating tension between both nation which ended including third nations, including this our nation Regnum de Selucia. -Interpreting the dath of 47 Saridanese citizens by Istalian forces in a rescue mission. -Declaring the most firmly interest of this our nation in the defence of human rights and the word as way of resolution of conflicts, never approving the use of violence as a first option to reach a final solution. This Court declares the following:  The Regnum de Selucia, being a strong defender of human rights and refusing the use of violence in any of its form unless there is no other solution to solve the problems. This body asked how the events developed to the Selucian Ambassador, named Ajax Apostolos, who declared that, following the sanctions imposed by the Repubblica Istaliana to the Republiek van Seridjan because of mutual disagreements, the second nation decided to keep 410 Istalian citizens in concentration camps, which resulted in Istalia sending a rescue mission having as a result the rescue of 400 Istalian citizens and the death of 47 Saridanese citizens. Resolves that: This body understands the actions of the Istalian government, while keeps thinking non-death force should have been used, and condemns the killing of those Saridanese citizens. As a third nation not involved in the conflict, we express our condolences to the Saridanese nation, and applaud the final resolution of the conflict made by both governments by removing the Istalian embargo, but announces that this our nation will keep being in the Istalian-Selucian treaty, as this treaty benefits both nations with economic and cultural shares, and does not make us slaves of the Repubblica Istaliana, being free at any time to express our disagreement in a peaceful way to the Istalian Government via the Selucian ambassador in Istalia, named Kaeso Ryenis, or the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, named Altair Rodis. Signed by: Virginia Sabina, Magni Iudex Gregorio Palliatus Caesar Rubeus Claudia Minerva Tuccia Trimalchio Lucio Balbino Autius Valerius"''

Dissent voice:

 "With respect of the final decision of this Judicial Court, and with the highest respect to my colleagues, I adress in my personal values:That the Repubblica Istaliana exceeded in its action before waiting for a more peaceful solution. That the Saridanese citizens were in this position because it was designed by their Government. That the International bodies should have come with a solution much earlier. Signed by: Lucio Balbino"''

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September 4237

[http://forum.particracy.net/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=1585&p=117770#p117770 Resolution abouth the request of withdrawal the support to all nations in the Security Council. Result 5-2 against.]

"''After the petition 4953/29 received by this judicial body, and in pursuance of the Law of Protest Rights, having received a petition signed by more than 2 million citizens, in relation with the thoughts of our Selucian citizens regarding the performances of the Security Council in the events worldwide, this body announces that: -Taking into account the current laws written in this our nation. -Observing the protests all around the five constituencies, Provincias, in this our nation. -Interpreting the last actions taken by the international body called Security Council. -Declaring the most firmly interest of this our nation in the defence of human rights and the word as way of resolution of conflicts, never approving the use of violence as a first option to reach a final solution, as quickly and as soon as possible. This Court declares the following: The Res Publica Seleuciae, Selucia, being a strong defender of human rights and the most peaceful or fast way to achieve it, this body asked the Selucian Ambassador, Cynthia Amphion. The Security Council is a private group where only those chosen have voice and vote. Still, the resolutions made by this international body has deemed mainly useful to the world peace. Sometimes to achieve the best result it takes more time than usual to conclude. Citizens have to understand that international decisions are not something that can be taken lightly, because if not, it can lead to major problems. Every step have to be reviewed before making a final decision. Resolves that: This body understands the anger and the negative attitude from the Selucian citizens towards the Security Council. However, sometimes these attitudes are because a lack of understanding of the complex system of international relationships. The petition received asked for the complete removal of support for all seats in the Security Council from this our nation. However, our national has built strong ties with those nations nominated by us, and a removal may lead to international tensions. Current Selucian Ambassador, named Cynthia Amphion, and current Minister of Foreign Affairs, named Icarus Mavros, have already expressed our citizens' concerns about the slowness of the decisions made by the Security Council to make sure the voice of our citizens is heard in international soil, but the effectiveness of this international body cannot be denied, as has been shown in its most recent resolutions. Therefore, this judicial body, the highest judicial body in Res Publica Seleuciae, will not ask the current coalition government, integrated by the parties Fraternitas-Populares Hosiani and In Marea-Civis Sinistram, to remove its support to any of the nominated nations, leaving the total decision to the Government itself at its discretion. Signed by: Helvetia Nero, Magni Iudex Mireia Agina Venus Amidia Marcus Ignitius Cyamus Mathesius" ''

Dissent voice "With respect of the final decision made by this Judicial Court, and with the highest respect to my colleagues, we adress in our personal thoughts: That all nations should have a kind of voice in decisions that may affect them in international soil. That the International bodies should come with solutions much earlier, as this is its main goal. Signed by: Sisenna Axius Aeacus Secundus Artorius"