Old High Jelbic Grammar/Tutorial

Cases and Particles
Particles are used to modify nouns to indicate case, link sentences, form lists, mark chronological limits show contrast ("but"), pose a question or emphasise a point.

A variety of particles are used to label certain aspects of the sentence. These can depend on which case the items referred to in the sentence are in, they might be conjunctive, some modify nouns or make lists, whilst others some finish sentences to add assertions or requests.

Nominative, Topics and Accusative
For the nominative, no particle is needed. The effective copula is "ajozuo", derived from the present progressive form of ajo, the verb to be. Hence it literally means "is being", but would be more closer to the English "is".

Heiji ajozuo. - "It is Good."

Note that the verb is at the end, but the subject has been omitted. Also, the system of indefinite/definite articles (the and a/an) isn't present in Jelbék. This sentence means little without understanding what the speaker is pointing out as it has been taken out of context. Conversations need the topic defined to make sure all speakers are talking about the same thing; the topic particle "orzy" is used here, and the topic usually starts the sentence:

Esti orzy heiji ajozuo. - "Life is good"

When an action takes place, most of the time it involves doing something to something else, this something else being the object of the action. This object is in the accusative case and uses the "grzy" particle. The subject carries out the action is marked with "wrzy". The distinction is important. When romanised (written in the standard roman alphabet, like this) all nouns are capitalised.

Nka wrzy Mouzij grzy fitomojek. - "The Cat stopped the Mouse." compared to Nka grzy Mouzil wrzy fitomojek. - "The Mouse stopped the Cat."

When either of these is the topic of the sentence, "orzy" replaces "wrzy" or "grzy". The context will usually imply which one it replaced, whilst pointing out what the conversation is about still. These are the only two particles that "orzy" overwrites.

Dative, Time, Locations and the Genetive/Possession

 * Hrzy - Dative (time/destination)
 * Drzy - Location of Action/Cause
 * Firja - from
 * Timad - until/limit
 * -é - adjectival
 * -ék - possessive (-aék if already ending with k/d)

Lists, Counters and Denoting Additions

 * Trzy - Exhaustive list / with
 * Yrzy - Non-exhaustive list
 * Mrzy - Additive particle
 * Moki - More of (-ki from counter)

Conjunctions

 * Gerdzy - Comparitive
 * Hrerwa - "but, however"
 * Kri - Various actions relating to whatever Kri ("that") implies

Verbs

 * -jo -mo types
 * list of forms
 * explanation of forms

Adjectives and Adverbs

 * Some standard ones
 * Verbal adjectives and negatives
 * Verbal adverbs and negatives

Ordinal and Cardinal Numbers

 * Ordinals
 * Cardinals
 * Formation of larger numbers