The territory of modern Tukarali has been ruled by various agricultural and pastoral tribes since antiquity. Modernity was truly brought to Tukarali only with the beginning of the Malagar era. Since that time, Tukarali's history has been marked by an alternation between modernizing dictatorships and liberal but fragile regimes.
Early History[]
Map of Seleya in 450 BCE
The territory of Tukarali has been inhabited since prehistoric times. It is unknown when the ancestors of the Tukarese and the Mu-Tze arrived in the region, but it is likely that the Urheimat of the Gao-Showan languages was located in or close to Tukarali. Tukarali's territory was usually inhabited by tribes,who depended on hunter-gathering and were concentrated in forests. Some of these tribes created warrior societies, who practiced social ranking and ritualized warfare, while those living around rivers and seashores created harbor principalities and estuarine civilizations.
Aldegarian Tukarali[]
Tukarali was first attested in recorded history around the 7th century BCE, when the Kemokian Empire centered in Aldegar defeated several waves of invading Jelbo-Tukaric tribes to its north. In 605 BCE, most of what is now Tukarali was conquered by Kemoku and became the Satrapy of Tokharya (Tokharya-e Xšaθra). For the following centuries Tukarali would retain a central role under the rule of various succeeding Aldegarian empires as a bulwark against invading Jelbo-Tukaric tribes from Seleya's vast northern steppes.
In 302 BCE the Kemokian Empire was conquered by a Jelbo-Tukaric confederation of tribes known as the Varigosians, who established the Varigosian Kingdom and whose rule included most of today's Tukarali. Under Varigosian rule the Jelbo-Tukaric tribes who had migrated into Aldegarian territory were heavily Aldegarianized, and this process extended to the Jelbo-Tukarics living in Tukarali. Under the Phraatid Empire, established after a native Aldegarian revolt overthrew the Varigosians, Tukarali regained its defensive role as a northern march against the invading Jelbo-Tukaric tribes, with many fortifications restored or newly built on Tukarese territory. Additionally Phraatid emperors conducted campaigns and expeditions to "pacify" the north, bringing back slaves and plunder from these raids. In spite of this Phraatid northern expansion never reached the extent of Kemokian rule in the north.
The Phraatids would however also fall victim to a Jelbo-Tukaric invasion from the north when they were conquered in 463 CE by the ascending Mu-Tze Khanate, a vast albeit short-lived empire established by Mu-Tze Khan Bat-Erdene and which ruled over most of mainland Seleya. Unlike the Varigosians the Mu-Tze did not make any effort to assimilate into the cultures of the conquered peoples and retained most of their nomadic pastorialist traditions, ruling instead through native nobles who were allowed to maintain their customs and system of government. One such Aldegarian noble was the Hikirenian Rostam, who in 674 was rewarded the towns of Pākize and Tamaddon for putting down a revolt. The domains of Rostam grew significantly under the rule of his descendants, leading to the birth of a new dynasty, the Rostamids. When the Mu-Tze Khanate collapsed in 719, the Rostamids already controlled a large territories in the heart of Aldegar and southern Tukarali.
Selucian Tukarali[]
The Rostamid Dynasty lasted until 1512 and is notable for being the only Hosian Aldegarian dynasty. Hosianism was introduced in by the Badaran Saint ʻAlāʼ ad-Dīn of al-Buqiyya, and in 924 it was officially adopted by the Rostamid court under Shah Zartosht. The shared Hosian religion opened Aldegar to trade with the neighboring continent of Majatra, particularly with the rising commercial power of the Selucian kingdoms, for whom Aldegar and Tukarali served as a way-stop on their way to the newly discovered continent of Dovani. In the 15th century the Selucian Kingdoms of Argona and Sadaria established colonial factories in Somasi and the eastern and western coasts Tukarali with the patronage and support of the Rostamid Dynasty, in exchange for advanced firearms and access to Renascentia science and technology. In 1497 the Rostamids even granted direct colonial control over Somasi and western Tukarali to the Argonans, although these territories remained nominally under the sovereignty of the Rostamid shah.
Conflict between Argonan colonists and Tukarese tribes
The perceived foreign character of Hosianism and Rostamid support for the colonization of Aldegarian territory by a Hosian foreign power ultimately led to the fall of the Rostamid dynasty at the hands of a nativist Yazdean revolt which established the Shahnazid dynasty. The new regime pursued an aggressive foreign policy to assert control over the wider region and successfully expelled the Argonans from Somasi. The Shahnazids however failed to dislodge Selucian control from Tukarali, and over the following centuries Selucian rule would grow over most Tukarese territory. In addition to their version of Hosianism the Selucians also brought the Sadarian dialect of Selucian, which would later form the basis of the Tukarese language.
In 1811, following the Selucian Revolution, all Selucian states and their colonial territories were unified under the Selucian Empire. The Argonan and Sadarian colonies in Tukarali were unified under a single colonial government known as the Province of Tocharia. Unlike other Selucian colonies Tukarali did not receive significant Selucian immigration outside coastal areas owing to the largely inaccessible rain-forest that covers much of Tukarese territory. As in the other Selucian colonies the native population was allowed to maintain its own traditional laws, with the exception of punishments for capital crimes, as well as its traditional leadership. As a result Tukarali retained a native majority far longer than other Selucian colonies and Selucian languages and religions had a minor impact in Tukarali.
United Tribes of Tukarali[]
Selucia lost most of its colonial empire over the late 19th and the 20th centuries. After the North Seleyan Wars and the Canrillaise wars of independence only Gaduridos and Tukarali remained under Selucian rule. When Gaduridos proclaimed its independence in 1960 the Selucian government decided to grant independence to its last remaining but unprofitable colony, as a result of which Tukarali became independent in 1968 as a confederacy of Tukarese and Mu-Tze tribes known as the United Tribes of Tukarali.
The United Tribes were a heavily decentralized and isolationist regime. Each of the constituent tribes retained its own distinct political and legal system and exercised sovereignty on its land, with only foreign affairs and defense conducted on a confederal level. This system lasted until the Glorios Republic of Tukarali which effectively established a dictatorship but modernized the country
Middle History[]
Glorious Republic of Tukarali[]
Ryan Malagar, founder of modern Tukarali.
On April 15, 2787 Ryan Malagar took over the Presidency of the nation and created what was called the Glorious Republic. Malagar ran a one-party state and began large industrialization and modernization of Tukarali. The tribal system was destroyed, and a modern presidential system was implemented. The rise of Modern Tukarese as the sole lingua franca of the various ethnic communities in Tukarali dates to this era, the result of the modernization and unification of Tukarali. However the language saw no official use until centuries later, as Datang and Panmuan remained the official languages of the Glorious Republic. The Glorious Republic came to an end on March 26, 2792 after only a few years when a variety of socialist and liberal parties rose up and took over the political scene.
Liberal Era[]
From 2792 to the mid 2810s these parties dominated the political scene and reversed some of the reforms of the Malagar era without however returning to the United Tribes system.The Liberal Era began to die out by the mid 2810s, especially with the revival of the National Conservative Party, Malagar's party. The new NCP though, was royalist, and led by Kyuma Naruhito, a Hulstrian Gao-Showa. Backing the party was the newly established House of Aynako, which then made its claim to the throne of Tukarali. Kyuma went on to take over the Presidency, and then going even further, the NCP took control of the whole cabinet in 2821. While the Reformed Republic remained, the end of SAP dominance is considered to be the mark for the official end of the Liberalist era.
Establishment of the Monarchy[]
The House of Aynako continued to gain influence in Tukarali despite its lack of power. Claimant Queen Gloria married Archduke Henry of Greater Hulstria, connecting the Tukarese royals to the prestigious House of Rothingren-Traugott. While that influence did continue to increase, the Solidarity Action Party, the last remnant of the Liberal Era, still blocked the two-thirds majority needed for the National Conservative Party to create a Tukarese monarchy.
In September 2831, nearly two decades of rule by Kyuma Naruhito ended with the election of the NCP's new leader, Ryouta Asano. Within weeks of the new Presidency, moves for the creation of the monarchy strengthened. The third monarchy bill in the National Congress went to vote and to the surprise of many, received the support of the SAP. They proposed a separate amendment that would remove the democratically elected representative of the monarchy, though the NCP opposed such an idea and the amendment was not able to pass.
Finally on September 7, 2835 the monarchy was created and Gloria I was crowned as Queen of the Democratic Kingdom of Tukarali. After a period of a traditional constitutional monarchy, on September 10, 2852 the Governor-General system, seen in Greater Hulstria, was implemented in Tukarali. The parliament once again became known as the National Assembly as well.
Abolition of the Monarchy[]
Soon afterward, however, in 2868, the Monarchy was abolished and the position of First Consul was created. The ensuing time period is not widely documented, the only major events being the abolition of the Monarchy, changing of governmental position names, and a governmental shift to Center-Left under the Solidarity Action Party. In response to this centre-left government, a new party, the Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party was founded. Within four years, the Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party had gained control of the legislature. Ardent supporters of a monarchy restoration, the UCP began working to throne the rightful monarch. Slavery and the slave trade of the Tukarese and Mu-Tze was instated. Segregation also occurred regularly in the nation, with national laws enforcing segregation of the white population from the native Tukarese population. The majority of the government officials were white.
These movements of segregation and white supremacy are widely regarded as a step up, with the movement being led by William Ballard and Santo Hardin of the Tukarali Ultra-Conservative Party. William Ballard served a single term as First Consul, but was then defeated by the former First Consul in the following election. Not long after the rise of the Tukarese Restoration Party and Tukarese Neo-Nationalist Party, segregation was largely ended as well as the slave trade. Initially the political scene of Tukarali became heated and tension seemed to be rising, but then compromise was achieved. The Tukarese nationalists came into agreement with the UCP in the creation of a monarchy, with a white king.
Restoration of the Monarchy[]
On November 5, 2898 the monarchy came into official existence under the leadership of King Christian I and King Cain I. An elected representative of the monarch was positioned as Head of State, known as the Lord Protector. The monarchy existed for almost fifty years before it was dismantled following the collapse of the UCP. After this a republic was again created in 2943 and the capital was moved from Sangon to Agden. During the period following the monarchy, Tukarali was, for the most part, a one-party state, under the Solidarity Action Republican Party.
The one-party minority-rule state was ended in the elections of 2958 when the Coalition for Tukarese Advancement won a sweeping victory over the SARP. This victory began a series of proposals to reform the country, though it proved to be a slow process as the CTA lacked a two-thirds majority in the Senate. By 2966, the CTA had depleted most of its resources after the continuous legislative blockade done by the SARP; so with this, the CTA collapsed and Tukarali again descended into isolationist one-party rule.
A second reform move arose in the mid-2980s and quickly took power after a landslide victory in the 2986 elections. The National Front brought about numerous proposals of constitutional changes and entered into a coalition government with the Tukarese Neo-Nationalists. The coalition government failed with the absence of the TNN from parliamentary votes, which also caused the failure of all the proposed constitutional reforms. Not long after this, the whole movement collapsed again.
Fascist Era[]
The continual minority regime of the SARP came to an end in the 2990s around the time of the rise of the Tukarali Nazi Party. The TNP quickly took power after the SARP's collapse and established a fascist state in 3006. For the most part Tukarali became a one-party state, but just a year following the fascist state's official foundation a minor party gained national support. While not yet holding power, the Aikokusha set itself as the party to end the one-party state come the 3013 elections. Early elections were called in January of 3013 and the Aikokusha achieved a sweeping victory, securing two-thirds of the parliament. This then gave them the ability to spend the next year pushing through large reforms which disestablished the fascist state and created the authoritarian Republic of Greater Tukarali. The authoritarian state established Shuya Nakagawa as the eternal leader of Tukarali and created Kanzo as the state religion. This government lasted for sixty-four years, a milestone in Tukarali's history of political instability.
The Kingdom of Tukarali[]
In late 3083 after a transitional period a constitutional monarchy was created and the nation became the Kingdom of Tukarali. Kanzo was illegalized and became persecuted by the government; meanwhile Daenism was made the state religion of the kingdom. A state council was established in cooperation with the International Monarchist League to determine the monarch of the new kingdom. However a new monarch was never determined, for the kingdom collapsed before there was ever a chance.
Socialism[]
After only two years since the creation of the monarchy it was dismantled and a socialist state was created. Tukarali was renamed as the Metzist Republic of Tukarali. After ten years the socialist state collapsed as well.
Tukarali Emirate[]
In July of 3095 Tukarali became an Ahmadi state, known as the Tukarali Emirate. Under Ahmadi rule a milestone was again reached as the state lasted for forty-five years.
Insurectionnal Disorder of Tukarali[]
After the fall of the Tukarali Emirate, the Insurectionnal Disorder of Tukarali was established under the rule of the Revolution Revival Party. The Insurectionnal Disorder of Tukarali, was a very liberal and decentralized regime. The major Tukarese tribes regained much of the political power they held during the United Tribes period, making the central government essentially powerless. The Insurectional Disorder lasted for sixty-seven years, one of the most durable regimes in modern Tukarali.
The Fifth Republic was eventually dismantled after the landslide victory of the monarchist National Democratic Party in 3207 allowed for the creation of the Democratic Kingdom of Tukarali under Queen Sari I of the House of Aynako.
Great Kingdom and Fascist State[]
Queen Sari I was the last Aynako monarch to reign over Tukarali
The Great Kingdom of Tukarali was established by Queen Sari I on April 4, 3208. Sari I was the only monarch of the nation and was overthrown by Bill Staton's Fascist Party. The Fascist State of Tukarali was created following the overthrow of Queen Sari I on May 5, 3256. For nearly the whole entirety of the regime the nation was ruled by Bill Staton.
Modern History[]
First Democratic Republic[]
The Democratic Republic of Tukarali was created by Declaration of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali in April 3286. Largely as a reaction to the Staton regime, the Fascist State of Tukarali, which had held Tukarali in its grip from 3256 to 3284, the Democratic Republic was devised as a parliamentary republic with a very weak president.
However, as the most of the history of the Democratic Republic was marked by the continued antagonism between the Tukarese Democratic Union and the former supporters of the Fascist regime, which continued their party under number of changing names until 3345, the distribution of powers was, especially in the early days, not quite as clear-cut as intended. Presidents John Staton and Charles Newstone jr. were unwilling to accept their weak position and did try to continue the Fascist tradition of ruling by presidential decree. Their attempts to restore authoritarianism being rebuffed, their party finally seemed to accept the Democratic Republic and its procedures. The Democratic Republic was politically dominated by the Tukarese Democratic Union for most its early history.
Tukarali State[]
The Tukarese State was established in 3345 as a further embrace of Mu-Tze culture. In the the reforms Panmuan became the primary language used by the government and Tukarese was removed. Leading these reforms was the Tukarese Democratic Union, led by Marisol Paresi.
In the 3350s a new movement arose, calling itself the "new" Aikokusha. This new party, the Society of Patriots, immediately called upon the government to return to the days of the Glorious Republic and of Greater Tukarali.
Glorious Republic of Greater Tukarali[]
Rui Malagar led a revival of political Malagarism
The Glorious Republic of Greater Tukarali was founded on December 18, 3354 after extensive reforms by President Rui Malagar and the Society of Patriots. The organization sought to emulate a combination of Ryan Malagar's Glorious Republic and of Shuya Nakagawa's Greater Tukarali. With the foundation of the new Greater Tukarali, Shuya Nakagawa was again, for the first time in centuries, recognized officially as the eternal leader of Tukarali.
Initial developments of the new state were positive for Rui Malagar, but the progress was curbed by the formation of the Alliance of Liberals and Progressives as the sole opposition party. Despite holding no power the ALP became extremely vocal in politics and eventually won in their first elections in 3360. Not long after this event the Society of Patriots dissolved.
With the Society gone the ALP commanded the entirety of the nation's politics until 3362 when the Tukarese Democratic Union was re-founded to stand against the ALP. Elections were held in 3366 and the ALP was pushed out of government and within two months collapsed. The newly elected president, Getulio Araya, then put forward constitutional reforms to reestablish the Democratic Republic of Tukarali.
Second Democratic Republic[]
The Democratic Republic would turn out to be by far the most stable and long-lived regime in Tukarese history, lasting for more than 1600 years. During this long period of peaceful and stable democratic rule modern Tukarese culture was firmly established. The modernization started by Ryan Malagar five centuries earlier was firmly entrenched, and the Modern Tukarese language finally emerged as the sole official language. It was also during this era that Tukarali received a massive influx of immigrants from throughout Terra who would assimilate into the new Tukarese-speaking majority.
Getulio Araya, grandson of the founder of the Democratic Republic Guo Gilberto Araya, re-founded the Democratic Republic of Tukarali in 3367
At first the Democratic Republic continued the presidential system of government inherited by the Glorious Republic of Greater Tukarali until the 3372 election, when the parliamentary system was reestablished. With this finalization of the reestablishment process, Araya took over the recreated post of Chancellor of the Democratic Republic, while Julia Guterres was elected to the once more mostly representative position of President. For the following ten years, the government under Chancellor Araya continued the difficult process of dismantling the authoritarian heritage of the Glorious Republic by incremental reforms, and in 3382 Araya yielded the office of Chancellor to Gerard Thomas, who had held various ministerial positions in Araya's cabinets, most recently that of Minister of Finance.
At the next election in 3384, however, the Tukarese Democratic Union now led by Thomas lost power to a new grouping calling itself the Most Serene House of Valdiza which sought to supersede the Democratic Republic by a new monarchy under the newly emerged House of Valdiza. However, the new group failed to win the requisite 2/3 majority to be able to unilaterally establish a new system of government and were restricted to introducing a variety of measures designed to lay the groundwork for a monarchy. The Tukarese Democratic Union lost the 3412 election in a landslide to the Pirate Party which immediately started a programme of far-reaching changes. The Pirate Party formed a coalition with the newly founded right-wing Order and Progress Party after the 3416 election. While this coalition failed to achieve much due to the inherent ideological differences between the two parties, it held until the OPP's sudden dissolution just after the 3428 elections. The TDU then formed another cabinet under chancellor Adão Machado, but failed to win a majority in 3432 and had to give way to a cabinet under new Chancellor David Cannon of the Pirate Party. However, the 3432 election win proved to be the last success of the Pirates, and the 3436 elections ushered another era of TDU dominance. For the following 33 years the Tukarese Democratic Union was able to govern alone under Chancellors Amilcar Simões (3436 - 3451) and Aníbal Machado (3451 - 3469). In 3520, the TDU failed to fight off the triple challenge presented by the Socialist Workers Party, the Alliance of the Centre and the newly formed Democratic Workers Party. Abreu then formed another coalition with the Alliance of the Centre but there was little cooperation between the two parties in government.
The 4399 election led to the rise to power of new parties. The recently formed People's Socialist Party won the presidency while Democratic SocioLiberal Party got the role of Head of Government after successful negotiations with Tukarese Democratic Union, People's Socialist Party and Left Patriotic Front. All these parties formed a coalition government together in order to take the far-right National Conservative Union of Tukarali out of power. After the 4403 election, which was again won by National Conservative Union of Tukarali but with People's Socialist Party in second, the latest took over the role of Head of Government, besides the election of the President Miguel Mansilha for a second-term. In 4436, after the disbandment of the Verdes, Progressistas, Socialistas (Greens, Progressives and Socialists) party, the National Conservative Union of Tukarali regained majority and so formed a brief cabinet, soon replaced in the elections of 4437 by a coalition of the Tukarese Democratic Union and the recently founded Dark Green Party, formed to defeat the far-right party and remove them from power. The two parties formed a joint cabinet headed by Chanceler Marcela Ramires, from the Tukarese Democratic Union.
Flag of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali, which ruled for little over 1600 years
In 4664 Tukarali suffered a military coup led by General Afonso de Mendoça Gómes, a thirty year veteran of the Tukarali armed forces, overthrowing Progressive president Ana Lima. To maintain a steady mandate the regime of General Gómes l allowed elections to commence as planned in 4665. After votes were tallied, the Aurorian integralist and conservative União Nacional de Restauração won a significant majority of the seats in the Assembleia Nacional. A smaller, pro-coup party won a few, but less than a third of the seats. General Gómes was elected to the presidency by a landslide, and the ensuing government established close ties with the Aurorian Patriarchal Church and embarked on a program of military modernization. The post-coup regime lasted until 4674 when it was overthrown by the Communist Party of Tukarali, which proceeded to restore the democratic institutions of the Democratic Republic of Tukarali.
Restored monarchy[]
When Queen Sari I was dethroned in 3256 she became the last Tukarese monarch from the House of Aynako, which would eventually be absorbed into the Dranian House of Ryeo. Following this there were no legitimate claimants to the Tukarese throne for millennia. The House of Valdiza, led by Rosalina, would rise to the throne in 4969. Although not the direct descendants of Sari, they claimed to have the greatest legitimacy in the line of succession due to the direct-line claims being held by the foreign Ryeos, who had no links to Tukarali and who made no active claim to its throne. The house of Valdiza was embraced by most Tukarese monarchists, and in 4969 the Royal Alliance of Tukarali swept the parliamentary elections and proceeded to restore the monarchy. Tukarali became a republic after the Presidential Acts of 5079, and the last monarch was João VI (John VI). The monarchy was restored again in 5163 as a result of the 5163 Tukarese coup d'état, but was abolished nine years later.
Tukarese Republic and Dictatorship.[]
The Tukarese Republic was established in 5172 and for more than a hundred years was a moderate and stable democratic republic. The later years of the Tukarese Republic saw the reemergence of political Malagarism with the rise of an authoritarian party ideologically inspired by the National Conservative Party, the Aikokusha, and the Society of Patriots. The Patriotic Party, founded in 5272, championed a return to an authoritarian single-party state and the establishment of a Malagarist political system. The Patriotic Party succeeded in its goal after having successfully eroded democratic institutions for years. In January 5287 President Sebastião Fontes Coelho dissolved the Assembly of the Republic and assumed supreme power, and in November that year he was proclaimed Great Dictator and an authoritarian state was formally established.
Tukara People's Republic[]
The rise to power of the Left Patriotic Front and the new Tukara People's Republic
Year of 5454
Official flag of the new socialist regime
President of the Tukari People's Republic, elected in 5454, António Salazar
After decades of democratic-capitalist rule, the government collapsed and a new left-wing political force emerged, the Left Patriotic Front. With the rise of the Left Patriotic Front to power in Tukarali and the change to the new Tukarense People's Republic, presided over by António Salazar, the country went through a period of intense political and social transformation. Soon after taking office, the government led by António Salazar implemented a series of reforms. The so-called "Law of the Great Reform" began a series of profound reforms and aimed to improve the quality of life of the population and reduce existing socio-economic disparities, more profound reforms followed until 5456. One of the most important initiatives was the signing of the Yingdala-Tukarali Fraternity treaty. This historic treaty established a solid partnership between the Tukari People's Republic and Yingdala, aimed at promoting economic, cultural and political co-operation between the two countries. In addition, António Salazar's government works to strengthen democratic institutions and guarantee the basic human rights of all citizens. He promoted dialogue and popular participation, encouraging the involvement of civil society in political decision-making. However, the reforms were not without their challenges. Facing resistance from some sectors of society, Salazar's government had to deal with a series of obstacles along the way. However, his determination and firm leadership ensure that the country continues to move forward towards a fairer and more prosperous future. As the Tukari People's Republic consolidated itself as a socialist force in the region, the people of Tukari began to look to the future with hope and optimism.
In February 5459, the National Republican Party took power by winning the elections, which were hotly contested by the FPE. Miguel Vargo was elected as the second president of the People's Republic.
3 years later, in August 5462, the right-wing government fell and the FPE returned to power, holding early elections and António Salazar was elected President of the People's Republic for the second time.