Kalopia

Kalopian Republic
Καλοπιανή Δημοκρατία (Kalopian)
Kalopian Dimokratía

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Flag Coat of Arms Location of Kalopia Motto αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν Aièn Aristeúein (Kalopian) ("Ever to Excel")
Anthem	"Hymn to Liberty"
Capital	Helios
Largest city	Helios
Language   official	Kalopian
others	Tukaric Siphinan Majatran Luthorian
Religion   main	67% Ahmadism     •37% Israi     •21% Halawi     •5% Zahiri     •4% Abadi
others	23% Hosianism     •13% Aurorian     •7% Terran Patriachlist     •3% Eastern Apolostolic 7% Irreligious 3% Other
Ethnic Groups   main	50% Kalopian 18% Siphinans 15% Majatrans
others	6% Tukarics 4% Istochniaks 3% Arbanian 1% Manoush 1% Istalian 1% Asli 2% Other
Demonym	Kalopian
Government	Parliamentary Republic
[[List of Proedross of Kalopia (OTL)| Proedros]]	Andreas Sipras
Legislature	Vouli
Area	1.147.200 km²
Population	99,752,838
GDP   Total:	WAN 3,988,696,144,720
per capita	WAN 39,983.91
Independence	from Empire of Quanzar
declared	1934
Currency	Wantuni (WAN)
Time Zone	GMT +1
summer	GMT +2
Drives on the	Right
Calling Code	+44
Internet TLD	.ka
Organizations	World Congress

Kalopia (Kalopian: Καλοπία, transl. Kalopía), officially known as the Kalopian Republic (Kalopian: Καλοπιανή Δημοκρατία , transl; Kalopian Dimokratía) is a Central Majatran nation. Kalopia is bordered to the west by Deltaria and Jakania, and to the east by Kafuristan and Solentia. It is the thirty-ninth most populous nation on Terra with a population of 99,752,838, and an area of 1,147,200 km², resulting in a population density of 86.95 people / km². It has several major cities including: Helios, al-Karays, Eleopolis, Galani Augi, Pediada and Hebe.

Name and Etymology

The nation has been known under a variety of names throughout its history, often used in competition with each other. The use of one name or another has often been the result of political and ideological preference and sparked powerful and occasionally violent disputes. In an attempt to put an end to disputes on the nation's name the government adopted a policy in 4229 which established the terms "Kalopia" and "Wantuni" as interchangeable synonyms, with use depending on history and tradition.

• Kalopia is the oldest name of the nation, in use since antiquity. The name "Kalopia" contains the root καλός (kalós), meaning "beautiful", "good", "noble" in ancient Kalopian, and the earliest attested name containing this root is the ancient city-state of "Kalops" in Solentia. The name fell into disuse in the Middle Ages and was readopted by Kalopian nationalists during the national awakening in the 25th century. When it is not used to refer to the entire nation, "Kalopia" has a narrower meaning, referring to territories inhabited by ethnic Kalopians.
• Wantuni is the name used to refer to the nation since the centuries after the Ahmadi conquests. Its origins are unknown, other than the fact that it initially referred to the Wantuni Dynasty, who established their own Emirate after the fall of the Caliphate. In time the term came to refer to the territory over which the Dynasty ruled. Since the resurgence of Kalopian nationalism, the term has generally been used only by Majatran speakers. In its narrow sense "Wantuni" refers to the territories inhabited by ethnic Wantunis, while its use for the entire nation is often, but not always, seen as a symbol of Wantuni supremacism.
• Ajam is a term introduced under the Ahmadi Caliphate to refer to the region. Literally meaning "silent", "mute", or "foreigner", "Ajam" was a generic term used under the Caliphate to refer to non-Jelbic and non-Majatran-speaking subjects of the Empire, being used more specifically to refer to Kalopians, Istalians, and Augustans. Initially a derogatory term, "Ajam" has in time acquired a more neutral meaning of "foreigner" in general and "Kalopian" in particular, and was the term preferred by Ahmadi Kalopians before the emergence of Kalopian nationalism. The term was occasionally used as a synonym for "Kalopia" in its narrow sense, i.e. the areas inhabited by ethnic Kalopians.
• Najd, meaning "highland", is a poetic term for the nation used by Majatrans since the Ahmadi Caliphate, referring to the nation's hilly terrain, and it is used to refer to the nation especially when it is under Wantuni rule. More narrowly the term refers to the nation's southernmost province, and it is also occasionally used to refer to all regions inhabited by ethnic Wantunis (who refer to themselves as Najdīyūn, "highlanders").
• Kalopia-Wantuni emerged as an informal compromise term in the 36th century, when "Kalopia" and "Wantuni" were used under their narrow ethnic definitions. However even during that time Kalopians preferred to refer to the nation as "Kalopia" and Majatrans as "Wantuni". Since then "Kalopia-Wantuni" has occasionally been in use as the official name of the nation under regimes emphasizing the equality of Kalopians and Wantunis.
• Central Majatra is another compromise term for the nation which was also introduced in the 36th century, intended as an ethnically and linguistically neutral way of referring to the nation. However, given its ambiguity, the term failed to gain wide popularity, and was rarely used as the official term of the nation.
• Kalopi-Siphina is a term for the nation that was coined by the Reform Party at the end of the 43rd Century. It is a name promoted by nationalists who hold anti-Majatran, anti-Turjak, and sometimes anti-Ahmadi tendencies. When used as a demonym, however, Kalopi-Siphinan only refers to ethnic Kalopians, Siphinans, and Istochniaks. For a brief period of time, the nation was officially name the Republic of Kalopi-Siphina, before reverting back to Kalopia following a military junta. People who are supportive of a Kalopi-Siphinan State still refer to the country informally as just Kalopia.

History

History of all the Governments and Periods

Year	Flag	Name	Government Type
c. 1500 BCE - c. 1000 BCE		Enetric tribes	Tribal polities
c. 1000 BCE - 205 BCE		Kalopian city-states	Numerous independent republican and monarchic polities
205 BCE - 71 BCE		Cildanian Hegemony	Province of oligarchic republic
71 BCE - 487 CE		Jelbic tribes	Tribal polities
487 - 1232		Augustan Empire	Province of empire
599 - 991		Deltarian tribal empire	Tribal polities
991 - 1397		Tokundian Empire	Province of empire
1232 - c. 1500		Great Empire of Turjak	Province of empire
c. 1500 - 1750		Emirate of Wantuni	Monarchy, Deltarian vassal state
1750 - 1930		Empire of Quanzar	Province of empire
1930 - 2031		Republic of Wantuni	Democratic republic
2031 - 2117		Empire of Wantuni	Absolute monarchy, Solentian puppet state
2117 - 2376		Independent Wantuni Republic	Democratic republic
2376 - 2429		Empire of Wantuni	Absolute monarchy
2429 - 2698		Independent Wantuni Republic	Wantuni apartheid republic
2698 - 2790		Aristocratic Kingdom of Kalopia	Constitutional monarchy
2790 - 2793		Kalopian Empire	Absolute monarchy
2793 - 2923		Kalopian Republic	Democratic republic
2923 - 2934		Kalopian Empire/Autocracy	Authoritarian republic
2934 - 3011		Kingdom of Kalopia	Constitutional monarchy
3011 - 3078		Kalopian Dictatorship	Authoritarian republic
3078 - 3094		Kingdom of Kalopia	Constitutional monarchy
3094 - 3143		Federal Republic of Kalopia	Federal republic
3143 - 3237		Independent Wantuni Republic	Wantuni apartheid republic
3237 - 3300		Kalopian Empire/Autocracy	Dictatorship
3300 - 3330		Independent Wantuni Republic	Wantuni apartheid republic
3330 - 3417		Kalopian Empire/Autocracy	Nationalist dictatorship; military dictatorship (after 3405)
3417 - 3468		Helioclid Dominion	Military dictatorship
3468 - 3477		Oligarchic Dominion	Oligarchy
3477 - 3515		Wantuni Hegemony	Wantuni apartheid republic
3515 - 3534		Central Majatran Federative Democratic Republic	Federal democratic republic
3534 - 3557		Central Majatran Beylerbeylik	Constitutional monarchy, Deltarian vassal state
3557 - 3569		Great Patriarchy	Theognosian theocracy
3569 - 3581		Majatran State of Wantuni	Wantuni apartheid republic
3581 - 3659		Hegemonic Kalopian Kingdom	Constitutional monarchy
3659 - 3673		Zahiri Emirate of Wantuni	Zahiri theocracy
3673 - 3713		Province of Kalopia-Wantuni	Autonomous province of Razamid Caliphate
3713 - 3777		Revolutionary Republic of Kalopia	Democratic republic
3777 - 3827		Hegemonic Kalopian Kingdom	Constitutional monarchy
3827 - 3893		Central Majatran Union of Kalopia-Wantuni	Democratic republic
3893 -3980		Republic of Kalopia	Democratic republic
3980 - 3995		Freehold Republic of Kalopia-Wantuni	Oligarchic republic
3995 - 4062		Central Majatran Union of Kalopia-Wantuni	Federal democratic republic
4062 - 4100		Great Kalopian Republic	Unitary presidential republic
4100 - 4112		Central Majatran Union	Federal presidential republic
4112 - 4129		Kalopian Republic	Unitary presidential republic
4129 - 4203		"Area commonly referred to as Wantuni"	No central government
4203 - 4209		Union of Kalopia-Wantuni	Federal democratic republic
4209 - 4259		Union of Kalopian Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships	Authoritarian federal socialist republic
4219 - 4270		Federal Republic of Kalopia-Wantuni	Federal democratic republic
4259 - 4264		Thallerist Hegemony of Kalopia	Monarchy
4264 - 4270		Confessional Republic of Kalopia	Confessional republic
4270 - 4278		Central Majatran Confederation	Confederation, confessional republic and federal republic
4278 - 4292		Imperial State of Kalopia	Constitutional monarchy, despotate of Augustan Empire
4292-4308		Republic of Kalopi-Siphina	Presidential Republic
4305-4314		Great Kalopian Republic	Military Junt
4314-4353		Great Republic of Kalopia	Semi-Presidential Parliamentary Republic
4353-4431		Great Republic of Kalopia	Presidential Republic
4431-4437		Kalopian Republic	Semi-Presidential Republic
4437-4444		Kingdom of Kalopia	Parliamentary Monarchy
4444-4456		Free State of Kalopia	Transitional Parliamentary Republic
4456-4514		Freeholder Republic of Kalopia-Wantuni	Oligarchic Presidential Republic
4514-4556		Kalopian Republic	Semi-Presidential Republic
4556-present		Kalopian Republic	Semi-Presidential Republic

Geography

Located in the center of the Majatran continent, Kalopia borders the Majatran Sea to the north and the Preartic Ocean (or Lievenian Sea) to the south. Kalopia experiences one of the most diverse climates on Terra, with a Mediterranean climate in the far north, an alpine tundra and glaciers in the northern and southern mountains, a warm desert climate as well as a temperate continental climate in the center, and an Alpine climate along the southern coast. There are four seasons in most of the country: summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November). The geography of Kalopia gives it access to many natural resources, primarily: lignite, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, lead, zinc, nickel, magnesite, marble, salt, and hydropower potential.

Politics and Government

The Kalopian Republic is a parliamentary republic. with an elected Head of State. The Próedros (President) of Kalopian Dimokratía fulfills a constitutional and ceremonial, rather than a political, role and is directly elected every 4 years through a two round system.

The Prothypourgós (Prime Minister) is the Head of Government of Kalopian Dimokratía and the position belongs to the person most able to command the confidence of the Ecclesia of Kalopia; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats. The cabinet is drawn from members of the Ecclesia chosen by the Prothypourgós.

The national legislature is the Ecclesia and is unicameral formed by 300 representatives elected every 4 years through a proportional electoral system.

Wantuni Barlaman

In 4553 the government in Helios proposed to devolve powers to the region of Wantuni via the establishment of a regional parliament known as the Barlaman (Majatran برلمان) using the Wantuni Act 4554. The 60 seat legislature would be elected using the same proportional electoral system as national elections. 

Previous government system

The Union of Kalopian Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships

Kalopia has been a republic since the end of the chaos which interested Kalopia after the fall of the socialist regime, known as Union of Kalopian Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships established in 4209 as part of the Majatran Revolutionary Socialist Federation. Its Constitution defined the state as a direct democracy and a socialist state without any political parties, governed by its populace through local popular councils and communes, known as "Vanguardships". The Vanguardships in turn delegated their leadership to People's Congresses, who ran the communes on their behalf. The People's Congresses, as well as the trade unions, formed the National Congress of Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships which acted as the legislative body of the socialist state. The People's Congresses also elected the Chairman of the National Congress of Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships, who acted as the Head of State of Kalopia.

In addition to the Vanguardships and Congresses, the most important executive body in the Socialist Vanguardships' Kalopia was the Command Council of Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships, an institution formed of the main Communist, Anarchist, and Libertarian forces loyal to the Vanguard revolution. De iure, the Command Council was fully subordinate to the National Congress, and its main role was to nominate the Council of Ministers (playing the role of a Cabinet), which was then approved or rejected by the National Congress, and to act in an advisory capacity to the national and local congresses. However, the Command Council was the de facto main ruling body of Kalopia, exercising both legislative and executive powers and establishing the policies of the entire state, in what critics considered a dictatorial fashion.

The kalopian anarchy

Before the establishment of the socialist state, Kalopia was unique among the nations of Terra in that it officially did not have a government, being the only region where anarchist ideals succeeded in abolishing the state in 4129. Consequently all governmental services, including justice, legislation, and the military, were taken over by international and local companies, most infamously the slaving corporation Eilomax.

Past regimes

Previously Kalopia, known as the Central Majatran Union, was a democratic, federal and presidential republic. Executive power was vested in the President of the Union, who was elected directly by universal popular suffrage. Occasionally, a premier or prime minister would serve as a lesser executive official. Legislative power was exercised by the 500-member Congress of the Union, which was elected by mixed-member proportional representation. The Supreme Court was the highest court of appeal and was composed of five judges, appointed by the President.

Administrative divisions

Kalopia consists of 5 regions called Provinces. The current provinces are:

• Wantuni
• Thálassa
• Oroseirá
• Elaióna
• Kithāra

Foreign Affairs

Kalopia is under a friendship and cooperation with Kazulia.since 4328.

Military

The Kalopian Defense Forces (Modern Kalopian: Καλοπικές Δυνάμεις Άμυνας, tr: Kalopikés Dynámeis Ámynas) also known as the Armed Forces of Kalopia (Modern Kalopian: Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις της Καλοπίας, tr. Énoples Dynámeis ti̱s Kalopías) is the combined forces of the Helioclid Dominion. It comprises three branches of service, the Kalopian Army, the Kalopian Navy and the Kalopian Air Force.

Economy

After the establishment of the Union of Kalopian Revolutionary Socialist Vanguardships in 4209 Kalopia has implemented a mix of central planning and local self-management and private co-operatives, initiating a large-scale transformation of society and economy along communist and anarcho-syndicalist lines. A broad system of councils and co-operatives was built, and roughly a third of production is in the hands of autonomous co-operatives, while the rest is under government control, with a command economy accounting for most production in the nation. Kalopia has also completely abolished the income tax, preferring to rely instead on tariffs and prohibitive corporation and luxury goods taxes. Additionally, the government deliberately lowered prices on essential products to make them accessible even to the poorest members of society, while also providing an all-encompassing welfare system, including child benefits, agricultural subsidies, free public healthcare and pharmaceuticals, and free public housing for low income families. Running a relatively low deficit of ₯ 111,162,115,224 (2.39% of GDP), Kalopia has a total GDP of ₯ 4,648,958,431,384.Taking into account most exchange rates, this makes Kalopia a middle economy on Terra. The economies of the two constituents nations, Kalopia and Wantuni are very different in nature, the northern Kalopian one being highly diversified while the southern one largely depends on the petrochemical industry.

Given that Kalopia is a coastal nation, bordering seas to both the north and the south, the shipping industry is probably the largest component of the Kalopian economy. Ships flying the Kalopian flag are a common sight throughout the world, but particularly in the Majatran Sea and, according to the National Maritime Industries Board, the Kalopian merchant fleet accounts for possibly as much as 26% of the world's fleet capacity, making it one of the world's largest. The NMIB states that Kalopia ranks first in not only tankers and bulk carriers, but also containers, and ranks second in "other ships." Today's merchant fleet is at an all-time high of roughly 12,000 ships. Kalopia is host to literally hundreds of the world's major shipping firms, including the notable National Shipping Company, whose controlling interest is publicly owned.

Given Kalopia's large maritime background, it is no surprise that fishing is another major industry within the nation. Though substantially smaller than Kalopia's merchant fleet, most estimates agree that the nation's commercial fishing fleet is larger than most. Primarily centered around the Majatran Sea, the Kalopian fishing industry caters mainly albacore, salmon, beluga, and bass. These fish are sold to major outlets across the globe, but are also popular at Kalopian fish markets, where live fish, fish meat, and fish products (such as caviar or fish oil) are sold freely. On the opposite coast, in the Perarctic Ocean, commercial fishing is not quite as large an industry, but is dominated heavily by whaling, in demand for whale oil, whale meat, and margarine.

Perhaps the most notable component of Kalopia's economy is the tourism industry, from which it gains as much as 15% of its GDP. As recently as 2789, the former capital city of Polykratos welcomed 34.9 million tourists. Kalopia has long been a major tourist attraction for its rich cultural tradition as a center of philosophy, science, and the arts; its historic sites; its well-known spas and thermal springs; and finally its scenic Majatran beaches. In the past, Kalopia had been criticized for lagging behind other nations, as far as tourism amenities and infrastructure were concerned, but in recent years such criticism has subsided. Kalopia now contains literally tens of thousands of hotels, ranging from family-oriented beach resorts to self-proclaimed "seven-star hotels," to inexpensive hostels designed for adventurers on a low budget, and such heavy tourism has given way to booming nightlife sectors in most urban areas of Kalopia. In order to transport such a large influx of tourists, Kalopia relies heavily upon its national carrier, Kalopian Airlines, and hundreds of smaller airlines across the nation. Another popular method of transport is by sea, and Kalopian cruise lines are becoming a popular attraction throughout the Majatran Sea.

Despite limited space and resources, agriculture is also an important area of the Kalopian economy, with the most prominent products being wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes, beef, and dairy products. Other fairly important sectors of the Kalopian economy include food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products, mining, and petroleum. The service industry is a rapidly growing side of the economy, currently dominated by multi-service insurance giant Aristocrat Insurance Group, Ltd., with a number of Kalopian banking and financial service organizations gaining credence at home and around the world.

Demographics

Kalopia is a diverse nation, with several of ethnic groups and religions claiming large percentages of the population and often finding themselves in conflict. Kalopia has a majority ethnic-Kalopian population but its major religion is Ahmadism, but on the whole, the nation seems to be harmonious especially since the EPS took power in 4314.

Leaders of Kalopia's main religious denominations; from left to right: Israi Ahmadism, Terran Patriarchal Hosianism, Halawi Ahmadism, and Aurorian Patriarchal Hosianism

Ethnic Groups

• Kalopians: 50%
• Siphinans: 18%
• Wantunis: 10%
• Turjaks: 10%
• Istochniaks: 4%
• Arbanians: 3%
• Manoush: 1%
• Istalians: 1%
• Asli: 1%
• Other: 2%

Language

• Kalopian
• Tukaric
• Siphinan
• Majatran
• Luthorian

Religion

• Ahmadi: 67%
  • Israi: 37%
  • Halawi: 21%
  • Zahiri: 5%
  • Abadi: 4%
• Hosian: 23%
  • Aurorian Patriarchal Church: 13%
  • Terran Patriarchal Church: 7%
  • Apostolic Church of the East: 3%
• Irreligious: 7%
• Other: 3%

Culture

Notable traditional Kalopian cultural achievements include the invention of such ideas as democracy, philosophy, literature, historiography, political science, many mathematical and scientific principles, and theater. The culture of Kalopia is clearly not static, however, and has continued to expand and evolve.