Terran Language Families is a series of reference books used to classify languages throughout the world.
Superseleyan[]
Superseleyan | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
Rhaetan languages
Enetric languages
Delic languages
Celda langauges
Ayran langauges
Siphinan language
|
OOC: Indo-European languages
The Superseleyan languages[1] are by far the most widely spoken language family throughout Terra. Linguinst believe that the language family originated on the Seleyan continent and from there was transported throughout the world through various migrations. The Superseleyan language family is broken into 5 main sub-divisions: Rhaetan, Selucic, Delic, Celtic and Aryan which are further broken down into different dialects.
Rhaetan[]
The Rhaetan languages encompasses the Dundorfian language families. It likely began somewhere in central Artania, namely Dundorf where it get it's namesake from. The sub-family spread all across Artania as well as spreading to parts of Dovani, Majatra, Seleya and Makon. The base language of Rhaetan is Proto-Dundorfian, which modern linguist have worked extensively to compile resources on and have gained a much better understanding of the Rhaetan languages.
Northern Rhaetan[]
The Northern Rhaetan language family migrated south from northern Artania to other areas of Terra, the primary base language of Northern Rhaetan is Proto-Dundorfian, where most of the languages in the language group draw their basis from.
- Proto-Dundorfian - The earliest known language of the Dundorfian people and primarily spoken in the area surrounding Dundorf prior to the eventual evolution into Dundorfian.[2] Proto-Dundorfian through modern re-construction has been kept from going extinct.
- The Dunic languages of Deltaria are known for their archaic use of the language due to the diaspora of proto-Dundorfian speakers during the Deltarian migrations. Doron is a relatively un-evolved language relating back to proto-Dundorfian, however overtime the language adopted the Kalopian alphabet, it however uses many of the archaic elements of proto-Dundorfian. [3][4] Akigan is related to the proto-Dundorfian language alongside the Luthorian language, the Akigan speakers, who resides in present day Luthori took part of the Deltarian migrations which relates to its similarity with the Luthori language. Some have gone as far as calling it "proto-Luthori" but most linguist dismiss this claim.
- Dundorfian (Dundorfische) proper is spoken primarily in Dundorf. Dundorfian spread across the Artanian continent due to it's central location and evolved into related languages and different Dundorfian dialects.
- North Dundorfian languages
- Kazulian (Kazulianisk) is Dundorfian-related through colonization and settlement. (OOC: Norwegian)
- Telamonese (Telaska) developed similarly to Kazulian and is related to Dundorfian through heritage. (OOC: Icelandic)
- Davostani (Dovsk) developed similarly to Kazulian and is related to Dundorfian through heritage. (OOC: Danish)
- Hulstrian though very similar to standard Dundorfian, the Hulstrians have develop minor dialectical differences due to their influence from Kazulian and an extended period of time away from Dundorfian proper. (OOC: Low German)[5]
- Central Dundorfian languages
- Dorvish (Dorvische) is almost identical to Dundorfian proper however it developed from a branch of proto-Dundorfian[6][7], known as Lorman sometimes called proto-Dorvish. Eventually the Dorvish language adopted the Dundorfian standards after the Ministry of Education and Culture attempted to unify an "Artanian" language in the 2950's.
- Luthorian also known as Terran developed from Dundorfian settlers around the area of Luthori. The Luthori language quickly spread throughout the world to become one of the worlds leading languages due to the influence and colonization of the Holy Luthori Empire. Terran, as it has been recently called, is considered the diplomatic language of the world.
- Luthorian as spoken in Kalistan is referred to as Vrassan due to a significant difference of idiom and pronunciation from standard Luthorian. Idiomatically, the two languages are only partially mutually intelligible, though Standard and Vrassan dialects are mutually intelligible when spoken without extensive use of idioms. Vrassan is also more heavily influenced with Egelion than standard Luthorian, with many loan words from Egelian entering the language from Kalistan's bilingual population.
- Central Dundorfian languages
Examples: Standard Luthorian: I need to get my trainers and biscuits from my flat and put them in the boot so I can go on holiday. Vrassan Luthori: I need to get my shoes and cookies from my apartment and put them into the trunk of my car so I can go on vacation.
- East Dundorfian languages
- Darnus is the dominant language of Darnussia and is considered to be very similar to Dundorfian, but, like modern Hulstrian, has dialectical differences, mostly influenced by Deltarian.
- Dundorfian - Die Kinder spielten. ("The children were playing.")
- Darnus - Die kinder meespeler. ("The children have been playing.")
- East Dundorfian languages
- Ikradonian (Ichredöne) is a language that divided due to geographical and political differences, Ikradonian is divided into two branches: Northern and Southern Ikradonian. Northern Ikradonian[8] is closely related to Dundorfian but has minor dialectical difference. (OOC: Bavarian dialect) While Southern Ikradonian branched off from Dundorfian and took on a different nature, Southern Ikradonian (OOC: Dutch) is considered to be the first language in the Southern Rhaetan language family.
Southern Rhaetan[]
- Vanukeaans:
- Language of Vanuku. The large amount of settlers from northern Artanian nations, specifically Dorvik, merged with the existing Jelbic population creating a bastardized version. Vanukeaans has grown to be a lot like Proto-Dundorfian and Duntrekaans. It is spoken with a Jelbic pronunciation.
- Vanukeaans is almost purely Dutch.
- Narik:
- Language of the islands of Narikaton (region).
- Narik is based off the Dutch language with minor cultural differences.
- Duntrekaans:
- Language of the Duntrekkers.
- Many dialects, depends upon area of Duntrekker settlement.
- Dundorfian - Er hat ein gelbes Haus ("He had a yellow house").
- Duntrekaans - Hy het 'n geel huis ("He had a yellow house").
- Duntrekaans is based off the Afrikaaner language.
Enetric[]
OOC: no RL equivalent, includes both RL Italic and Hellenic languages
Enetric or Oenetric languages are a branch of the Superseleyan languages that are spoken throughout Terra. Before Classical Antiquity, the Enetric languages split into Ancient Selucian, which was to give birth to Selucic languages, and Ancient Kalopian, the mother of Kalopic languages.
Kalopic[]
OOC: Hellenic languages
- Ancient Kalopian (Ancient Greek, primarily Attic and Koine, and with the Erasmic pronunciation) is the Classical language of Kalopia. Although it is no longer spoken as a living language, Ancient Kalopian is frequently used as a language of prestige by upper class Kalopians.
- Kalopian (Demotic Greek) is the primary language of the Kalopian people.
- Sessoldian (Pontic Greek), a dialect of Kalopian, is sometimes considered to be a language on its own. Sessoldian preserves many features of Ancient Kalopian that were lost in the Modern Kalopian language, and was also heavily influenced by Majatran and Turjak in vocabulary and phonology.
Selucic[]
OOC: Italic and, by extension, Romance languages
The Selucic languages are all descended from one root language, Ancient Selucian (Latin), spoken in Antiquity on several islands in northern Majatra. The various Selucic languages spread to many corners of Terra; most notably to Seleya. Below is a list of the many diverged languages:
- Selucian (OOC: Latin) is the most spoken language in Selucia. Classical Selucian gave birth to the Selucic languages in areas outside Selucian control, while in Selucia the language was adapted as Modern Classical Selucian, remaining the sole official language on the islands.
- South Selucic (Eastern Romance)
- Ushalandan (OOC: Romanian), a language of Deltaria, is normally considered a dialect of Selucian with Deltarian influences. It is also written with the Tokundian alphabet, with some minor adjustments.
- Arbanian (Aromanian) is the primary language of the Arbanian people. Closely related to Ushalandan, Arbanian has far fewer Delic (Slavic) influences, while being heavily influenced by Kalopic languages.
- Augustan (Esperanto), the language of the Augustan people, is the most widely spoken language in Cobura and Zardugal. Augustan greatly simplified its grammar, while being heavily influenced by Kalopic languages in vocabulary and by Delic languages in vocabulary and phonology.
- Seleyo-Selucic (Gallo-Romance)
- Canrillaişe (OOC: French), spoken in Alduria, Kanjor, Rildanor and Lourenne is one of the largest and most major Selucic languages. The three Canrillaise-speaking nations were formerly united in the Union Française, but this alliance is now defunct. Zardugal also has a large population of Canrillaise speakers, up to thirty percent of the country including Creoles.
- East Selucic (Italo-Romance)
- Istalian in Istalia. Istalian was the language derived by the selucian colonies established in the area and became the language of the ruling elite of Alaria since the second centuries BCE. Spreading also in the mainland, it supplanted the ancient qedarite language of Qolshamih already in the first century CE and became the language used by the élites of the region under the rule of the Augustan Empire. Remained the language of the people during the rule of the Quanzar Emirate and then emerged after the establishment of the First Istalian Republic. Istalian retains many characteristics of Ancient Selucian.
- Vintallian in the island of Vintalli (Gaduridos). Vintallian was a language derived by the proto-istalian, or istalo-selucic, of the first centuries of the Hosian era, which developed among the Vintallian communities in the south of the island, descentants of istalo-selucic people who settled into several trade outpost who mixed with the local native and who developed flourishing city-states. The similarities between Istalian and Vintallian are many, the written form of the Vintallian using the Selucic alphabet is almost identical with the Istalian one, and many linguistic scholars attribute to the insular nature of Vintalli the fact that the Vintallian maintained its strong similarities with Istalian. Similarly, the Istalian himself has maintained very strong similarities with the Selucian language since it developed on an island, Alaria, so both languages were protected from excessive external influences thanks to the island nature of the lands where they developed.
- Istalian in Istalia. Istalian was the language derived by the selucian colonies established in the area and became the language of the ruling elite of Alaria since the second centuries BCE. Spreading also in the mainland, it supplanted the ancient qedarite language of Qolshamih already in the first century CE and became the language used by the élites of the region under the rule of the Augustan Empire. Remained the language of the people during the rule of the Quanzar Emirate and then emerged after the establishment of the First Istalian Republic. Istalian retains many characteristics of Ancient Selucian.
- North Selucic (Ibero-Romance)
Delic[]
OOC: Slavic languages
Another Superseleyan language family is that of the Delic languages, a group of Deltarian languages originating in central Artania, which spread to Majatra and then the rest of the world with the Deltarian Migrations.
- Daralizindan (West Slavic)
- Daralian (Slovak)
- Alazindian (Czech)
- Valrizen (Polish)
- Kozak-Trigunian (East Slavic)
- Tokundian (South Slavic)
- Old Tokundian (Old Church Slavonic)
- Tokundian(Serbian)
- Statrican (Croatian)
- Mothin (Bulgarian)
Dolgavan[]
OOC: Baltic languages
Celda[]
OOC: Celtic
There are two important Celda languages. The first to be recognised is Celdanian(Celdanr), which is one of the two main languages of Cildania. It is very important to linguists because it is considered very archaic and close to proto-Rhaetan.
Draddwyr is the other Celda language, although in truth it bares lttle resemblance to it's Celdanian cousin. The language was first encountered when the continent of Dovani was colonised, and it continues to thrive in the Northern part of that continent especially in Dranland.
Ayran[]
OOC: Indo-Iranian
Ayran languages are a Superseleyan group of languages widely spoken from Vascania to central Seleya.
Ezadi languages[]
OOC: Iranian languages
- Aldegarian (Persian) [9][10][11][12]
- Bihari (Kurdish)
- Dudmani (Pashto)
- Kharaji (Balochi)
- Kalistani (Armenian)
Namvietan languages[]
OOC: Indo-Aryan languages
- Namvietan (Hindustani)
- Zaqran (Urdu)
- Rajutti (Hindi)
Siphinic[]
OOC: Albanian
The Siphinan language is a Superseleyan language that is a branch in itself, which it shares with no other Superseleyan language. Siphinan is spoken by the Siphinan people of Kalopia-Wantuni, and was historically influenced by Delic, Selucic, and Kalopic languages. Siphinan is primarily written in the Selucian (Latin) alphabet, but can also be written in the Tokundian (Cyrillic), Majatran (Arabic), and Kalopian (Greek) scripts.
Qedarite[]
Qedarite | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
Easten Qedarite
Western Qedarite
Southern Qedarite
|
OOC: Afro-Asiatic Languages, mostly Semitic
The Qedarite language family is the largest language family in Majatra. It originated in Squibble, but in the Qedarite Migrations it crossed southern Seleya and settled in Majatra. (The areas in Seleya they previously inhabited now speak French.) The Qedaritelanguage family contains two branches: Eastern and Western, however, the distribution is not actually along an East-West axis.
The Eastern group is considerably smaller that of the Western and contains three dead languages; the most well known of which is Therakan, which was spoken in ancient Qolshamih and the Kingdom of Karronia in Istalia from the 25th century BCE to the first century CE.
Linguistically, the Eastern branch is distinguished by two features:
- A reduction of the number of the largyngeal phonemes; the voiced pharygeal and velar fricatives were lost in all of the languages, and after the 20th century BCE most had lost the glottal stop as well. The loss of these phonemes resulted in a large set of defective verb conjugations and noun declensions and extensive vowel contraction.
- Unlike the Western branch, there is no suffixing verbal conjugation, and all Eastern-branch languages have an innovative perfect tense, derived from the T-stem conjugation, in addition to the ancestral perfective and imperfective tenses.
The Western branch has three primary languages. The larger of these is Majatran, spoken in Al'Badara, Cildania, Kafuristan, Wantuni and as minority in Istalia, when was known as Quanzar. In Istalia, it became a minority language when first the Luhorian was chosen as neutral language by the Union of the Soviet established after the Emirate's fall, and then when the Istalian language retourned to be the official language of the republican governments, in 2110 and in 2236 rispectively. Yeudish and Cildanian, two closely related languages, are the other main Western Qedarite languages. Yeudish is spoken in Beiteynu, and has been very much influenced by the Jelbic languages. It has recently come into conflict with Pnték, due to the Pontesi invasion of Tadraki and Endild. Cildanian is the descendent of the Qedarite Languages in Cildania, and it is the country's dominant language. A medieval version of Cildanian, Church Cildanian, is the liturgic language of the Apostolic Department of Cildania.
The Western branch has several extinct languages as well, including Old South Majtar, which is attested in rock-inscriptions in the deserts of Pheykran in Istalia.
- Easten Qedarite
- Therakan (Akkadian)[13]
- Western Qedarite
- Southern Qedarite
Gao-Indralan[]
Gao-Indralan | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
Southern
Central
Northern
|
OOC: East Asian languages
The Gao-Indralan Languages are a group of related languages spoken by the Gao-Showa people. Recent research has cast doubt on whether the Gao-Indralan languages are genetically related, with common features now assumed to be the result of heavy influence by Classical Kunikata, the language of the Empire of Gao-Soto.
- Southern Gao-Indralan languages
- Indralan (Mandarin Chinese) is the most widely spoken language in Indrala, and has recently begun to compete with Kunikata as the lingua franca of the Gaosphere.
- Đinh (Vietnamese) is the language of the Dinh people, spoken mainly in Kimlien. It was traditionally written in Gao characters, but is now exclusively written in Selucian script.
- Phra (Thai), the language of the Phra people, is spoken in Hanzen.
- Central Gao-Indralan languages
- Classical Kunikata (Classical Japanese and Kanbun) was the official language of the Empire of Gao-Soto and its tributary states during the Middle Ages, and retains its role as the language of prestige for the Gaosphere.
- Kunikata (Japanese), the modern descendant of Classical Kunikata, is the main language of the Kunihito people, and remains one of the two linguae francae of the Gaosphere, together with Indralan. Kunikata uses two writing systems, namely Gao characters and a collection of syllabic scripts collectively known as Karina.
- Sekowan (Ryukyuan languages, mostly Okinawan), the language of the Sekowan people, is another descendant of Classical Kunikata, and it is often considered a dialect of Kunikata.
- Northern Gao-Indralan languages
- Utari (Ainu) is the language of the Utari and Kli'kut peoples. Utari is written in a modified version of the Kunikata Karina syllabary.
- Welang (Formosan languages) is the language of the Pengcah people, the inhabitants of Cifutingan. Welang is used in a modified Karina system (Taiwanese kana).
Jelbo-Tukaric[]
OOC: Ural-Altaic languages
Jelbo-Tukaric | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Barmenia, Deltaria, Jelbania, Vanuku, Jakania, Kalistan, Tukarali, Aldegar, Kizenia |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
Jelbic
Turjak
Tukaric
|
The Jelbo-Tukaric languages constitute a language family whose speakers are spread across a vast area, from North Majatra to North Seleya and to Central Keris. Originating on the continent of Seleya in antiquity, these languages spread throughout Terra as a result of a series of migrations. These languages are characterized by extensive agglutination by means of suffixes and other affixes, lack of noun classes or grammatical gender, and, with the exception of Northern Jelbic languages, vowel harmony. Subject–object–verb word order is nearly universal within the family. Most Jelbo-Tukaric languages were heavily influenced by Aldegarian in antiquity, particularly in terms of vocabulary, while Panmuan received much Gao-Indralan influence as a result of rule by the Anantonese Empire.
Jelbic Languages[]
OOC: Conlangs specifically created for Particracy, and Hungarian
Jelbic languages also known as Jelbék languages[15][16] separated from other Jelbo-Tukaric languages in northwestern Majatra before the year 400. Jelbic languages have heavy Ezadi (due to their origin in Seleya) and Qedarite (due to the majority language family in Majatra) influences. In time, Proto-Jelbic gave birth to a number of languages, among which into Jelbék, Pnték, Brmék, and Dissuwan, which are similar, but have slightly different influences: Dissuwan was heavily influenced by Deltarian, while Brmék had some Qedarite (Semitic) influences, and Jelbék was influenced by Deltarian and Vanukuese. Recently, Jelbék and Pnték have grown closer through convergent evolution.
- Southern Jelbic
- Dissuwan (Hungarian)
Turjak Languages[]
OOC: Turkic languages
- Turjak
- Northern Turjak (Azeri)
- Central and Southern Turjak (Turkish)
Tukaric Languages[]
OOC: Mongolic and Tungusic languages
- West Tukaric (Mongolic)
- Panmuan (Mongol)
- East Tukaric (Tungusic)
- Bianjie (Jurchen/Manchu)
Sullestic Languages[]
OOC: Finnic languages
Sullestic languages are a branch of Jelbo-Tukaric languages spoken in Keris. It originated in Seleya and spreaded throughout Terra only to remain in Keris. The closest relatives to the Sullestic languages are the Jelbic languages. There is no grammatical gender in Sullestic languages, nor are there articles nor definite or indefinite forms. Development of long vowels and various diphthongs from loss of word-medial consonants such as *x, *j, *w, *ŋ
- Sullestic
- Sullestian
- Olvarian
- Milratian
Ezintsundu[]
Ezintsundu | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
Buntu
Mtu
|
OOC: Niger–Congo languages
The Ezintsundu languages originated in South-West Dovani, from where they spread throughout Terra. A characteristic common to most Ezintsundu languages is the use of a noun-class system. The Ezintsundu languages are spoken almost exclusively by Ezintsundu (African) people.
- Buntu
- olimi weZulu (Zulu)
- Mtu
- Kitembo (Swahili)
Shinjalan[]
Shinjalan | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
East
West
South
North
|
OOC: Amerindian languages
The Shinjalan languages are one of the major language families of Dovani, both in terms of number of speakers and geographic distribution. The Shinjalan languages were the most spoken throughout the continent until they were displaced in many areas by Gao-Indralan languages and later, with the colonial period, by Superseleyan languages.
- East Shinjalan Languages (Uto-Aztecan)
- Istapali (Nahuatl)
- South Shinjalan Languages (Quechumaran)
- Llaqta (Quechua)
- North Shinjalan Languages (Eskimo-Aleut)
- Klikut (Inuktikut)
Malvic[]
Malvic | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Terra |
Linguistic classification: | One of the world's major language families |
Subdivisions: |
OOC: Austronesian languages
The Malvic language family is one of the largest and most geographically widespread language families of Terra. Originating in Antiquity in Seleya, the Malvic languages are spoken on every continent, primarily in Central and South Seleya and in South Artania. It is hypothesized that the Malvic languages were once the dominant linguistic group in Seleya, before the southwards spread of Superseleyan (Indo-European) languages.
- Malivian (Malay)
- Tukarese (Indonesian)
- Terrarokkan (Māori)
- Ikpi languages (Papuan languages)
Hobrazian[]
Hobrazian | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution: | Hobrazia and Kalistan |
Linguistic classification: | Hobrazian |
Subdivisions: |
Hobrazian
|
The Hobrazian language family (OOC: Georgian) is a language isolate and the dominant language of Hobrazia. Some linguists consider it to be a distant branch of Superseleyan, but this is a minority opinion. In early 3406 a party arose in Kalistan named the Kalistani Democratic Party which claimed that the Kali tribe of Kalistan was derived from a Hobrazian despora which ended in Kalistan, this led a division of the isolated Hobrazian language family to include the unnamed language of the tribe (OOC: Armenian).
References[]
- ↑ http://www.wordgumbo.com/is/index.htm, List of various Indo-European languages
- ↑ http://archive.org/stream/Orel-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology/2003OrelV.-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology#page/n3/mode/2up, Proto-Germanic dictionary, includes Old Prussian, Gothic, Old Norse and Old English
- ↑ http://www.oe.eclipse.co.uk/nom/letters.htm, Gothic dictionary.
- ↑ http://www.lexilogos.com/english/gothic_dictionary.htm, Gothic dictionary (Alternative)
- ↑ http://www.mennolink.org/cgi-bin/dictcgi, Low German dictionary
- ↑ http://poshka.bizland.com/prussian/reconstructions.htm, Old Prussian dictionary
- ↑ http://wirdeins.prusai.org/, Old Prussian dictionary (Alternative)
- ↑ http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoamseitn, Bavarian wikipedia
- ↑ http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hayyim/, English-Persian dictionary
- ↑ http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/steingass/, English-Persian dictionary (Alternative)
- ↑ http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/persian.php, Another English-Persian dictionary
- ↑ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/avestan.htm, Fonts for the Avestan alphabet
- ↑ http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/catalog/cad/, Akkadian dictionary
- ↑ http://www.premiumwanadoo.com/cuneiform.languages/syriac/index.php, Syriac dictionary
- ↑ http://www.idioc.co.uk/Jelbic-0.1.0.txt, Original Jelbic dictionary
- ↑ http://classic.particracy.net/viewbill.php?billid=387061, Player-made expansions to Jelbic